Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization

Abstract

This work focuses on an experimental study of the influence of e-liquid composition on the mass of vaporized e-liquid after standardized emission generation using a U-SAV (Universal System for Analysis of Vaping) vaping machine. All the experiments were based on the use of a Cubis 1Ω clearomiser and on the standard protocol for electronic cigarettes emission generation. Currently, there is no standardized method available to calibrate the emission generations of electronic cigarettes. Since the e-liquid compositions are not always known, we propose a simple, practical, effective, and fast method of emission generation calibration. Therefore, this paper examines a major issue in this new and constantly evolving field, allowing the validation of the emission generation results. To our knowledge, this method is a novelty in our discipline and could be easily developed in laboratories. Pure propylene-glycol, glycerol, ethanol, and water and their mixtures (20 e-liquids) were tested as reference materials, allowing an e-liquids benchmarking and the characterization of 800 commercial e-liquids (with known and unknown compositions) at a fixed power and for one inhalation profile (3 s puff duration and 55 mL of puff volume). The influence of ethanol and/or water addition in the e-liquid was characterized.

Impact of Vaping Regimens on Electronic Cigarette Efficiency

“…With the last series of experiments, combined with the previously presented results [43,45], we more precisely characterized the influence of the main physical parameters involved on the Cub1 atomizer. For some parameters, additional tests were carried out on the other atomizers.…”

“…Due to the short recommended range of the Nauti 1.8 Ω coil, it was extended from 3.3 V to 6 V, which is the recommended range of the Nauti 1.6 Ω coil, leading to a power range of 6.05 W to 20 W. In a recent publication [45], the vaporization of pure PG, VG, and EtOH was studied using the Cubis 1 Ω atomizer. It was shown that the supplied power of 15 W was consistent with the optimal heating regimen observed for these three pure components.…”

Effect of Puffing Behavior on Particle Size Distributions and Respiratory Depositions From Pod-Style Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Products

“…The choice of e-liquid includes reference or standardized e-liquids or commercially available products and each has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. Several investigators have created reference or standardized e-liquids for testing earlier generation EVPs ( 15 , 61 ). Reilly et al ( 26 ) found no differences in free radicals and carbonyl yields when a commercial JUUL ® e-liquid was replaced with a laboratory prepared e-liquid with a 30:70 PG–VG mixture that mimicked the PG:VG ratio in the JUUL ® e-liquid.…”

“…As noted, the constituents of JUUL R e-liquids include PG-VG, acids, ethanol, flavorings, nicotine, and water (15,16,19,20). Talih et al (17) reported that the ratio of PG-VG was 30:70-27:73 in both liquid and aerosol for the JUUL R products sold in the USA (17,18).…”

“…Studies have characterized the constituents of JUUL R eliquids and documented the different proportions of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG); other constituents include flavorings, nicotine, and benzoic acid (BA) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In the presence of BA, nicotine forms a salt, which forms protonated nicotine, rather than free-base nicotine, thereby allowing high levels of nicotine to be inhaled with less irritation or harsh "throat hit" as compared with traditional tobacco cigarettes and earlier generation (first, second, and third) EVP designs (2,17,(20)(21)(22)(23).…”