“…Traditional methods of generating DEMs are time consuming and cost-inefficient as they require on-site surveying and expensive measuring equipment (e.g., on-ground and aerial LiDAR scanners). Owing to the development of technology and its increasing availability, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have become a viable option for establishing precise DEMs in relation to relatively vast areas and at very low cost (Moore et al, 1991;Walker and Willgoose, 1999;Thar and Ahmad, 2013;Audronis, 2015;Uysal et al, 2015;Akbari et al, 2016;Martínez-Carricondo et al, 2018;Zmarz et al, 2018;Ajibola et al, 2019;Akturk and Altunel, 2019;Donager et al, 2021;La Salandra et al, 2021;Sankey et al, 2021;Vavulin et al, 2021;Villoslada Peciña et al, 2021). And thus, over the past several years low-altitude photogrammetry (Kędzierski et al, 2014) has become one of the main methods of generating DEMs.…”