A Novel Thermochromic Liquid Crystal Fabric Design for the Early Detection of High-Risk Foot Complications

LeSar, Jonathan D.; Rao, Nilin M; Williams, Nicholas Morrow; Pantano, J.; Ricci, Melissa L.; Osher, Lawrence; Hetherington, Vincent J.; Kawalec, Jill S.

doi:10.7547/15-151

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Smart packaging can track a food product by analyzing and controlling the internal or external environment and provide information for the entire food supply. 15 To control a factor like temperature, there are many different sensors in the literature [15][16][17] based on crystal liquids (CL), 18,19 inorganic materials, 20,21 polymers, [22][23][24] or dyes. [25][26][27][28] An interesting work reported by Wu and colleagues describes a sensor that using CL for temperature monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irreversible temperature indicator based cellulose membranes conjugated with leuco‐dye pigment

Carvalho,

Tavares,

Marques

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This research focuses on the development of thermochromic membranes made of cellulose acetate (CA) for temperature monitoring of sensitive food products. Two dual TC membranes developed for the control of different temperature ranges were formulated using a three‐component system: a leuco‐dye membrane (crystal violet lactone, CVL) integrated with an acidic membrane containing the color developer (salicylic acid) and the acidic solvent with different melting points (decanoic acid, DA, or methacrylic acid, MA). The CVL membrane, together with the DA membrane, showed an irreversible color change when exposed to 35°C, which was facilitated by the melting of DA. The CVL membrane also underwent an irreversible color change when exposed to 15°C together with the MA membrane. The membranes were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy. The evaluation of color changes, reproducibility, specificity, and stability ensured the practical suitability of these membranes. Overall, this innovative approach has proven to be a reproducible, sustainable, cost‐effective method to produce irreversible colorimetric temperature sensors. These sensors have significant potential for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries and offer a promising way to improve product safety and quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irreversible temperature indicator based cellulose membranes conjugated with leuco‐dye pigment

Carvalho,

Tavares,

Marques

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A study from 2017 ( LeSar et al, 2017 ) investigated the possibility to use commercial thermotropic LC–coated fabric for the early detection of high-risk foot complications. Using direct visual analysis, they demonstrated that the fabric could accurately map temperatures on the surface of a hand, which supported the hypothesis that this approach can be used to develop a temperature-sensitive system to monitor complications high-risk foot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals for Temperature Mapping

Mišković

Malafronte

Minetti

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Wound management in Space is an important factor to be considered in future Human Space Exploration. It demands the development of reliable wound monitoring systems that will facilitate the assessment and proper care of wounds in isolated environments, such as Space. One possible system could be developed using liquid crystal films, which have been a promising solution for real-time in-situ temperature monitoring in healthcare, but they are not yet implemented in clinical practice. To progress in the latter, the goal of this study is twofold. First, it provides a full characterization of a sensing element composed of thermotropic liquid crystals arrays embedded between two elastomer layers, and second, it discusses how such a system compares against non-local infrared measurements. The sensing element evaluated here has an operating temperature range of 34–38°C, and a quick response time of approximately 0.25 s. The temperature distribution of surfaces obtained using this system was compared to the one obtained using the infrared thermography, a technique commonly used to measure temperature distributions at the wound site. This comparison was done on a mimicked wound, and results indicate that the proposed sensing element can reproduce the temperature distributions, similar to the ones obtained using infrared imaging. Although there is a long way to go before implementing the liquid crystal sensing element into clinical practice, the results of this work demonstrate that such sensors can be suitable for future wound monitoring systems.

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“…By incorporating imaging analysis techniques, this method can be further modified to show temperature distributions [59]. The uncertainty of this method was claimed to be ±1 thermochromic liquid crystal thermometer [63].…”

Section: Surface Temperature Measurement Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact laser-ultrasonic subsurface thermography using waveform inversion

Hu¹

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Metallic engineering components exposed to high temperature for an extensive time are vulnerable to deterioration of mechanical properties due to the formation of micro-structural defects such as creep, embrittlement, graphitization. These defects starts to initiate when the temperature of engineering components is greater than a threshold. As a useful tool, thermography can assist in providing relevant information for the determination of locations where these defects can potentially form.Conventional thermography methods in non-destructive testing, for example, the infrared thermography, are applicable only to map the surface temperature which could not estimate the positions of the subsurface defects caused by high temperature. There has been some development of internal thermal imaging techniques in the medical field based on magnetic-resonance (MR) and X-ray. However, these methods are not applicable to high-temperature metallic materials in NDT considering their limited measuring range of less than 100 • C, the low penetration depth, and potential disturbance to the original temperature field.The work presented in this thesis extends the scope of temperature imaging for hightemperature metals from surface to subsurface. The challenge of the subsurface thermography comes from satisfying simultaneously the four requirements: 1) to avoid damages of measuring instruments caused by the high temperature of the heated sample, 2) compatible with metal materials, 3) little disturbance to the target temperature field, 4) reliable data collection with high SNR. To overcome the challenge, the non-contact subsurface thermography using laser-ultrasonic waveform ix ABSTRACT inversion is proposed.The subsurface thermography based on the traveltimes of Rayleigh wave is presented. The feasibility of the proposed thermography is validated experimentally.A relative error of 10% within 1 wavelength is observed. The performance of the proposed subsurface thermography, including the average error, the reconstruction depth and the resistance to noise, is investigated numerically. The effective range of temperature reconstruction is defined, within which the average reconstruction error is around 5%. The depth of effective reconstruction is around 1.3 wavelength.The inverted results with noise added at different levels indicate that the proposed method has a strong resistance to noise.Apart from traveltime, other information such as frequency and amplitude, contained in the laser-ultrasound waveforms can also provide useful information for subsurface thermography. The subsurface thermography based on the full-waveform inversion method is therefore proposed. The experimental results show a relative error of 10% within a depth of 1 wavelength. Compared with the experimental results using traveltime, the overall accuracy of the experimental results is lower as full-waveform inversion requires a higher accuracy in the collected signals and the consistency between the numerical configuration and the experimental setup. Numerical models ...

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A Novel Thermochromic Liquid Crystal Fabric Design for the Early Detection of High-Risk Foot Complications

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Irreversible temperature indicator based cellulose membranes conjugated with leuco‐dye pigment

Irreversible temperature indicator based cellulose membranes conjugated with leuco‐dye pigment

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals for Temperature Mapping

Non-contact laser-ultrasonic subsurface thermography using waveform inversion

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