A Novel Sprague-Dawley Rat Model Presents Improved NASH/NAFLD Symptoms with PEG Coated Vitexin Liposomes

Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global threat to the human population, with manifestations resulting from alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, if not treated, may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vitexin, a natural flavonoid, has been recently reported for inhibiting NAFLD. It is a lipogenesis inhibitor and activates lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, owing to its antioxidant properties, it appeared as a hepatoprotective candidate. However, it exhibits low bioavailability and low efficacy due to its hydrophobic nature. A novel rat model for liver cirrhosis was developed by CCL4/Urethane co-administration. Vitexin encapsulated liposomes were synthesized by the ‘thin-film hydration’ method. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was coated on liposomes to enhance stability and stealth effect. The diseased rats were then treated with vitexin and PEGylated vitexin liposomes, administered intravenously and orally. Results ascertained the liposomal encapsulation of vitexin and subsequent PEG coating to be a substantial strategy for treating liver cirrhosis through oral drug delivery.

Silymarin Encapsulated Liposomal Formulation: An Effective Treatment Modality against Copper Toxicity Associated Liver Dysfunction and Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in Wistar Rats

“…Nanoparticle size was measured to be 24 nm for unloaded liposomes and 67 nm for silymarin-loaded liposomes. The size increase confirmed the drug loading [ 36 , 39 ]. However, zeta potential measurements showed values of −14.8 mV and −17.8 mV.…”

“…A total of 20 mL of 0.25% PEG 2000 solution was dropped into the nanoparticle mixture while stirring. Rotary evaporation was then repeated until 10 mL DI water was left [ 39 ].…”

Hepatoprotective Activity of Propolis Trigona spp., Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Myrmeleon sp. in Rats Induced by Paracetamol

“…Aktivitas AST dan ALT kelompok normal sebesar 39.84 U/l dan 88.46 U/l bila dibandingkan dengan (Farooq et al, 2022) yang melaporkan bahwa kadar ALT dan AST pada tikus tanpa perlakuan atau normal adalah sebesar 73 U/l dan 46 U/l, diperoleh aktivitas AST berada di atas normal. Menurut Kvetnansky et al ( 2013) peningkatan aktivitas saraf simpatik perifer akan memacu stress dan meningkatkan tingginya AST dan ALT.…”

Enzymatic synthesis of vitexin glycosides and their activity

“…[1][2][3][4][5] It was reported to have anti-tumor, [6][7][8] anti-oxidant, 9 anti-viral, 10 and hepatoprotective activities. 11,12 Thus, vitexin is a potential phytochemical constituent for pharmaceutical usage. However, the poor aqueous solubility of vitexin is a serious issue which limits its pharmaceutical application.…”