A Novel Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Phenothiazines Involving Iodine monochloride from Chloramine‐T with Iodine

Abstract

A novel, simple, sensitive spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of five phenothiazines. Chloramine-T with iodine in acetic acid produces iodine monochloride which oxidizes phenothiazines to absorbing cations. Those would associate later with unreacted ICl to form an ion pair, [Ph+] [ICl-(2)] in hydrochloric acid medium. These appear to provide exceptional color stability to the systems. A probable mechanism along with experimental stoichiometry and stability constants of such ion pairs is indicated. The method is not only successful in stabilizing the color of the systems, but also in making a unique observation of two regions of concentration of phenothiazines adhering separately to Beer's law. The results obtained from the analyses of pure samples and their drug formulations in both regions of concentration are comparable with those obtained either with a reported titrimetric method or with a British Pharmacopoeia (B.P.) UV-spectrophotometric method. The conditions required for the quantitative determination of phenothiazines are described and related analytical parameters are also calculated.

Sensor Array Made with Nanostructured Films to Detect a Phenothiazine Compound

“…14 15 Also employed were complexometric and thermometric titrimetry methods, 16 17 and UV-vis spectroscopy that exploits the presence of colorful phenothiazinium radical cations. 13 18 Widely used detection methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis, fluorescence quenching, chemiluminescence, have also been proposed to detect this class of compounds. 4 9 10 19 With regard to dynamic electroanalytical techniques and the concept of modified electrodes, studies have been done of the electrochemical reactions with phenothiazines onto bare or lipid-coated carbon electrodes (based on their accumulation or oxidation to cation radicals).…”

“…Various methods have been used to detect phenothiazines, including titrimetic procedures based on phenothiazine ring S-atom oxidation (toward colorful sulfoxides intermediates) performed in aqueous and non-aqueous media through oxidimetric titrants such as potassium dichromate, 9 ammonium metavanadate, 12 chloramine-T, 13 cobalt and iron complexes. 14 15 Also employed were complexometric and thermometric titrimetry methods, 16 17 and UV-vis spectroscopy that exploits the presence of colorful phenothiazinium radical cations.…”

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“…Through a survey of literature on the drugs mentioned above revealed that UV spectrophotometric quantification based on the use of Chloramine-T [49][50][51][52][53] as an oxidizing reagent and Safranin-O [54][55][56] dye as an analytical reagent had not been yet reported. Assay Procedure: Aliquots containing 2.5-84 µgmL -1 of the drug were transferred into a series of 10 mL standard flasks using a micro burette.…”

Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals by using Chloramine-T and Safranin-O Dye Couple

“…Through survey of literature on the above mentioned drugs revealed that quantification based on use of Chloramine-T [55][56][57][58][59] as an oxidizing reagent and Safranin-O dye [60][61][62] as analytical reagent have not been yet reported. The present work is an attempt to develop accurate, simple, sensitive, and cost effective method for the analysis of the above drugs.…”