A Novel Security Model for Cooperative Virtual Networks in the IoT Era

Alabady, Salah Abdulghani; Al‐Turjman, Fadi; Din, Sadia

doi:10.1007/s10766-018-0580-z

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[42][43][44] The risks and threats become hazardous if adequate security measures are not ensured. 45 In this section, different trust-based schemes are discussed with their respective pros and cons.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

Hassan

Asim

Baker

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Internet of Things (IoT) fostered a new epoch of innovation by interconnecting digital devices to make human life more convenient and attractive. These smart objects are largely deployed as low power and lossy networks (LLNs) and use routing protocol for LLNs (RPL) for routing. Unfortunately, it is extremely vulnerable to a large variety of external and internal attacks to cause devastating and calamitous effects. However, this article's scope revolves around internal attacks only, where nodes are already part of a legitimate network. Various trust-based mechanisms have been proposed to secure the RPL protocol from insider attackers. Existing trust mechanisms cause high energy depletion due to complex computation on the node level, which consequently decreases the performance of LLNs. Therefore, this article presents a novel hierarchical trust-based mechanism "CTrust-RPL" by assessing the trust of nodes based on their forwarding behaviors. This study ships complex trust-related computations to the higher layer, known as the controller, to save computational, storage, and energy resources at the node level. We also compare the proposed mechanism with a state-of-the-art technique called Sec-trust. Our mechanism demonstrates superior performance in detecting and isolating blackhole attacks. The results depict that CTrust-RPL detects and isolates 10% more malicious nodes than Sec-trust in the same time-lapse. The average packet loss ratio difference is less for our proposed mechanism, with 35% more energy efficiency. 1 INTRODUCTION Internet of Things (IoT) has become an essential part of our personal lives. It is emerging as an epoch of innovation, where devices belonging to digital and machine ecosystems are interconnected over the Internet to yield efficacy and convenience in academia, industries, and human lives. 1-3 Technologies like 5G and 6G enable the next generation of wireless communication systems in compliance with sophisticated techniques for security. 4,5 They support the huge IoT infrastructures, which can be defined as a link, management, and communication of a large number of smart and sensing things (also known as objects). These things are capable of interacting with each other, especially, for transferring information in a network. 6-8 They are largely deployed as low power and lossy networks (LLN). The LLN is a class of networks where Trans Emerging Tel Tech.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

Hassan

Asim

Baker

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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show abstract

“…Moreover, with 5G, homes are expected to continuously become smarter through security (remote video security monitoring and control and wireless-controlled door locks), and comfort (command by voice, remote control using smart-phones and thermostat regulation), as illustrated in Figure 3 (see [16,17] for further reading).…”

Section: Personal and Home Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems

2020

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The new mobile technology, 5G, challenges the current scenario in communications by overcoming the flaws of currently working 4G. Such new technology offers to smart cities and intelligent transportation systems a new way to become fully integrated by allowing massive simultaneous connections and ubiquity of network, even under high mobility situations or dense populated areas. In this way, 5G will become a key enabler for real Internet of Things and its corresponding Internet of Vehicles. This discussion is aimed at providing, in a comprehensive manner, how 5G technology will impact on smart cities, intelligent transportation systems –including autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles– and vehicular communications, its technical, economic and legal challenges, in the following years.

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“…Alabady et al discussed a network security vulnerabilities, risks, attacks, routers, and fire walls and developed a network security model for cooperative virtual networks in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. Here, a test bed was built to examine the proposed model, and the evaluation shows an effective security performance of this model.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

E‐TDGO: An encrypted trust‐based dolphin glowworm optimization for secure routing in mobile ad hoc network

Mukhedkar¹,

Kolekar²

2020

Int J Communication

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are independent networks, where mobile nodes communicate with other nodes through wireless links by multihop transmission. Security is still an issue to be fixed in MANETs. Hence, a routing protocol named encrypted trust-based dolphin glowworm optimization (DGO) (E-TDGO) is designed using Advanced Encryption and trust-based optimization model for secure routing in MANET. The proposed E-TDGO protocol includes three phases, namely, k-path discovery, optimal path selection, and communication. At first, k paths are discovered based on the distance and the trust level of the nodes. From the k paths discovered, the optimal path is selected using a novel algorithm, DGO, which is developed by combining glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm and dolphin echolocation algorithm (DEA). Once the optimal path is selected, communication begins in the network such that E-TDGO protocol ensures security. The routing messages are encrypted using AES-128 with shared code and key to offer security. The experimental results show that the proposed E-TDGO could attain throughput of 0.11, delay of 0.01 second, packet drop of 0.44, and detection rate of 0.99, at the maximum number of rounds considered in the network of 75 nodes with attack consideration. K E Y W O R D SAES-128, mobility, optimization algorithm, route discovery, routing, security, trust | INTRODUCTIONPresently, ad hoc networks, being a popular and widely used network, are employed in various kinds of applications. These are the wireless networks that are self-organized having no centralized or fixed infrastructures. Ad hoc networks are composed of nodes, which can be both clients and routers. 1 Wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) 2,3 are selfconfiguring and decentralized wireless network. One of the major features of ad hoc network is that it is independent of any preexisting infrastructure like routers in a wired network and every node in the network involves in routing. 4 The network functionality can be divided into three planes, namely, data plane, control plane, and management plane. The data plane handles the data packets, whereas the control plane implements the routing algorithms. Meanwhile, the network is configured and monitored by the management plane. In the data plane, ad hoc networks undergo several attacks due to certain characteristics, such as openness and dynamic topology. There are two types of attacks, such as (a) attacks interrupting normal delivery of packets in the data plane and (b) attacks diverting the network elements from using exact protocol and management policies in the control and the management planes. The attacks in the data plane are more complicated to detect and avoid, as they do not violate the protocol rules. 1 The two important aspects of these networks are routing and information broadcasting.Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an application of WANET, where the objective is to establish an efficient route between a pair of nodes such that the messages are delivered in a proper time interval. If rout...

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A Novel Security Model for Cooperative Virtual Networks in the IoT Era

Cited by 54 publications

References 23 publications

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

CTrust‐RPL: A control layer‐based trust mechanism for supporting secure routing in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks‐based Internet of Things applications

The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems

E‐TDGO: An encrypted trust‐based dolphin glowworm optimization for secure routing in mobile ad hoc network

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