A novel, rapid and simple acid extraction for multielemental determination in chocolate bars

Villa, Javier E.L.; Pereira, Catarinie Diniz; Cadore, Solange

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2015.03.008

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Milk and white chocolates contain high amounts of cocoa butter and milk. While these two types generally have similar components, white chocolate does not contain cocoa mass [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Beyhan

Trak

Kabak

et al. 2021

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Chocolate is consumed by people of all ages in every part of society. Chocolate is a very rich source of many essential metals for the body but it also may involve toxic metals. Therefore, the accurate and precise method should be selected and applied to determine the essential and toxic metals in the chocolate samples. In present study, Na, K, Mg (II), Ca(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II) and Ni(II) metals were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in 24 different chocolate samples of 3 different types including 8 different brands of bitter, milk and white. The microwave-assisted digestion system was also used for the chocolate samples digestions. All results were given at 95% of confidence level. In addition, the accuracy of the method was also investigated by the analysis of a standard reference material (spinach leaves, NIST-1570a).

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“…Milk and white chocolates contain high amounts of cocoa butter and milk. While these two types generally have similar components, white chocolate does not contain cocoa mass [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Beyhan

Trak

Kabak

et al. 2021

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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“…In contrast to intensive sample preparation procedures involving high temperatures and pressures, acid extraction under mild conditions appears to be a promising alternative, particularly when associated with ultrasonic energy (Santos et al 2006). Ultrasound-assisted techniques have been widely employed for extraction of essentials and contaminant elements (Lima et al 2016;Santos et al 2014;Villa et al 2015) and can be considered an alternative for sample pretreatment, since ultrasound generates an auxiliary energy and accelerates some process, such as dissolution and leaching of substances from matrix (Armenta et al 2015;Capote and De Castro 2007;Tiwari 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Optimization for the Development of a Fast and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedure for Multielemental Determination in Tea Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES)

et al. 2018

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The current study describes a fast and efficient procedure of ultrasound-assisted extraction for determination of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Al in tea leaves by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The variables of procedure were optimized using the Box-Behnken design and the conditions selected were nitric acid concentration (1.0 mol L −1), sonication time (7 min), and sonication temperature (75°C). The extraction efficiency was calculated using the analyte concentration obtained by a total digestion procedure as reference. Accuracy was confirmed by analysis of certified reference material of apple leaves (NIST 1515) and spinach leaves (NIST 1570a) using the procedure proposed. A statistical evaluation using Student's t test showed that there is no significant difference between the value obtained with the proposed procedure and the certified value, at 95% confidence level. The proposed procedure was successfully applied and is a good alternative to conventional acid digestion procedure and can be applied to routine analysis for determination of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Al in tea leaves used for the preparation of infusions.

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“…In this case, microbubbles nucleate, grow, and quickly collapse, generating a localized temperature increase. 14,15 Thus, ultrasound-assisted dilute acid extraction has been used to prepare samples in several substances, such as marine invertebrates, 22 mussels, 23 swine feed, 24 slim teas, 25 coconut milk, 26 marine sediments, 27 fortified food, 28 chocolate bars, 29 vegetable oils, 30 and babassu coconut. 31 This research describes the development of a simple procedure using ultrasound and microwave-assisted dilute acid extraction that uses a mixture design with minimal restrictions to determine Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn, by fast sequential (FS) multi-element FAAS in cassava peels samples, which are used in animal feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Mixture Design with Minimal Restrictions to Optimize an Extraction Procedure Employing Diluted Acids Assisted by Ultrasound and Microwave for Nutrient Element Determination in Vegetal Samples

Costa¹,

Silva²,

Lima³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this work, it was developed an alternative analytical strategy for the preparation of vegetal samples extracted with diluted acids and assisted by ultrasound and microwave radiation for the determination of nutrients elements by fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The conditions optimized using univariate and multivariate methodologies for the procedure were as follows: 200 mg of sample; extraction solution comprising a mixture of 6.3 mL HNO 3 , 2.1 mL HCl, and 1.7 mL CH 3 COOH; extractor with a final concentration of 2.5 mol L −1 ; a sonication time of 30 min; and a microwave radiation time of 6 s. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by analyzing the certified reference material NIST 1515 (apple leaves) and by comparison with the results obtained through microwave-assisted total digestion method. The procedure was applied to determine Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn in several cassava peel samples used in animal nutrition, and proved to be simple, reliable, fast, easy to implement, and inexpensive.

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A novel, rapid and simple acid extraction for multielemental determination in chocolate bars

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Determination Essential and Toxic Metals in Bitter, Milk and White Chocolate Samples from Eight Different Manufacturers

Multivariate Optimization for the Development of a Fast and Simple Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedure for Multielemental Determination in Tea Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES)

Use of Mixture Design with Minimal Restrictions to Optimize an Extraction Procedure Employing Diluted Acids Assisted by Ultrasound and Microwave for Nutrient Element Determination in Vegetal Samples

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