A novel quinoxaline-based donor-acceptor type electrochromic polymer

Lee, Ji Young; Han, Shuai; Lim, Bogyu; Nah, Yoon‐Chae

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.039

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Methods of creating the wide range of possible colors involve incorporating numerous monomers in well-defined sequences. Random copolymerization has been used in many approaches as a means of accessing neutral colors such as brown and black in electrochromic polymers. − With random copolymerization broad, low-energy (long wavelength) absorbances are often achieved by incorporating an electron-accepting moiety in the polymer backbone. The drawback of donor–acceptor systems is that they tend to have higher oxidation potentials caused by the accepting moiety, which limits optical memory (i.e., bistability) in the oxidized form, thus making their usefulness in devices limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Donor Electrochromic Polymers Tunable across the Visible Spectrum via Random Copolymerization

et al. 2019

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A series of conjugated, random terpolymers based on all donor repeat units are prepared via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization yielding cathodically colored electrochromic polymers that span the visible spectrum. The polymers are based on repeat units of a dialkylthiophene, a 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, and dimers of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Using a tight feedback loop between computational and experimental chemistry, the colors of these polymers are controllably tuned to cover the visible spectrum by controlling the monomer ratios. Examinations via ultraviolet−visible−near-infrared spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and colorimetry show that, while these systems can vary greatly in their spectral properties, their oxidation potentials are all low (<0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl). The color tunability allows for access to neutral state orange, red, pink, magenta, purple, and blue polymers of various hues with a* values ranging from 22 to 35 and b* values ranging from −44 to 45, while maintaining highly transmissive oxidized states. This approach allows access to a wide gamut of colors with only three monomers while affording materials with low oxidation potentials and high contrast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Donor Electrochromic Polymers Tunable across the Visible Spectrum via Random Copolymerization

et al. 2019

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An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Yang

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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A new green synthetic route to tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPA has been determined by using single‐crystal XRD. Solution‐processable nanoporous poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization in a microemulsion. Based on the distorted structure of TEPA in the solid state, it is proposed that dendritic PTEPA has a distorted 3 D conformation with multiple twisted channels and pores that are narrowed and blocked by bifurcation and distortion of PTEPA, which is consistent with the observed hierarchical pore structure. As a cathode material, PTEPA exhibits a discharge capacity of 89.5 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle with a highly sloping two‐stage discharge curve and relatively stable cycling performance. Beyond its excellent energy storage properties, PTEPA also shows relatively good electrochromic performance. Furthermore, an efficient all‐solid‐state electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) with good electrochromic performance and high energy storage capacity (13.3 mF cm−2) is assembled from PTEPA and nanoporous graphene films. During charge–discharge processes, the color of the ECSC changes between yellow‐green and steel blue. Thus, the energy storage level of the ECSC can be monitored by the corresponding color changes. The fabricated ECSC may have practical applications, for example, in self‐powered electrochromic smart windows.

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Novel Thiadiazolobenzotriazole Based Donor–Acceptor Type Conjugated Polymers as Neutral Green Electrochromic Materials

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2021

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Thiadiazolobenzotriazole (TBZ)‐containing donor‐acceptor (D–A) type polymers are rarely investigated as electrochromic materials, although they have made important progress in the fields of organic transistors and solar cells. In this work, a new class of soluble D–A type electrochromic polymer is designed using the alkyl substituted TBZ units as the acceptor, the alkyl substituted 3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) units as the donor, and benzene (B) units as the π‐bridge. Through altering the molar ratio of ProDOT/B/TBZ, three polymers named PPBT‐1, PPBT‐2 and PPBT‐3 are chemically synthesized. After various characterizations, it is found that all the polymers display saturated green in their neutral states and switch to transparent gray upon oxidation with narrow optical bandgaps, and moreover, they demonstrate high optical contrast, rapid switching speed, and excellent coloration efficiency particularly in the near infrared region. The impacts of different donor‐acceptor feed ratios on electrochromic performances are mainly reflected in the optical, electrochemical and kinetic properties. In contrast to PPBT‐1 and PPBT‐3, PPBT‐2 show the best performances with the most appropriate ProDOT/B/TBZ ratio of 2/3/1 in its backbone. These positive results provide a theoretical basis for the research of electrochromic polymers based on TBZ units.

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A novel quinoxaline-based donor-acceptor type electrochromic polymer

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

All Donor Electrochromic Polymers Tunable across the Visible Spectrum via Random Copolymerization

All Donor Electrochromic Polymers Tunable across the Visible Spectrum via Random Copolymerization

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

Novel Thiadiazolobenzotriazole Based Donor–Acceptor Type Conjugated Polymers as Neutral Green Electrochromic Materials

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