A Novel Prognostic Stratified System Based on Tumor Budding and the Cell Nest Size in Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

At present, malignant tumor stratification based on the TNM stage is very important for predicting patient prognosis and selecting appropriate treatment. The prognostic factor of ureter urothelial carcinoma is mainly based on the stage according to AJCC (8th) TNM classification. None of the histomorphologic features is recommended to assess patient’s prognosis. Recently, a novel three-tiered grading system based on tumor budding and the cell nest size (referred as TBNS system) has been applied to be highly prognostic for some squamous cell carcinomas, including esophageal, pulmonary, uterine cervix cancer, and endocervical endocarcinoma. In this study, we explored the application of this TBNS grading system in ureter urothelial carcinoma consisting 87 surgically resected cases and no neoadjuvant therapy. Tumor budding and the cell nest size were assessed and correlated with clinicopathological data and survival. The results showed that higher tumor budding, cell nest size, and TBNS grading system were strongly related to shorter overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate survival analysis showed the TBNS grading system to be closely related to the independent prognosis of DFS and DSS. In conclusion, the TBNS grading system based on tumor budding and cell nest size, if further validated, could satisfactorily predict the prognosis of uterine urothelial carcinoma and be applicable in routine pathologic description of this cancer type.

Tumor Budding Should Be in Oral Cavity Cancer Reporting: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Tumor Microenvironment

“…Tumor cell nest size is related to poor prognosis in cancers like lung, oesophagal and urothelial carcinomas [11,12,37]. A study by Kadota et al which contains 485 lung SCC patients showed that single-cell invasion was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariate analyzes [37].…”

“…Tumor cell nest size is another parameter that predicts the prognostic parameters. It has been reported in many studies and different tumors that those with single-cell invasion have a worse prognosis [11][12][13][14].…”

Retracted: A Novel Prognostic Stratified System Based on Tumor Budding and the Cell Nest Size in Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”