A novel process for extraction of iron from a refractory red mud

Ding, Wenqing; Xiao, Junhui; Yang, Peng; Si-Yue, Shen; Chen, Tao; Zou, Kai; Wang, Zhen

doi:10.37190/ppmp/127319

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Oxidative stress can favor the destruction of the lipid-containing organic binder and the formation of oxalic acid, as suggested by Colombini et al [66]. In addition, interesting similarities were highlighted between the degradation behavior of inorganic pigments applied in Northern Bohemia as identified by Hradil et al [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and those of the same historical period and a similar context identified within the mural painting fragments of the Assisi Upper Basilica. A common source of azurite and ochre may have been exploited by the painters in both locations, as shown, for example, by the azurite detected in the monastery of Sázava (14th century) that contains Zn-and/or Cu-arsenate impurities in the form of granules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi

Avranovich Clerici,

de Meyer,

Vanmeert

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this paper, the chromatic alteration of various types of paints, present on mural painting fragments derived from the vaults of The Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Italy (12th–13th century), is studied using synchrotron radiation. Six painted mural fragments, several square centimeters in size, were available for analysis, originating from the ceiling paintings attributed to Cimabue and Giotto; they correspond to originally white, blue/green, and brown/yellow/orange areas showing discoloration. As well as collecting macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and diffraction maps from the entire fragments in the laboratory and at the SOLEIL synchrotron, corresponding paint cross-sections were also analyzed using microscopic X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction mapping at the PETRA-III synchrotron. Numerous secondary products were observed on the painted surfaces, such as (a) copper tri-hydroxychloride in green/blue areas; (b) corderoite and calomel in vermillion red/cinnabar-rich paints; (c) plattnerite and/or scrutinyite assumed to be oxidation products of (hydro)cerussite (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) in the white areas, and (d) the calcium oxalates whewellite and weddellite. An extensive presence of chlorinated metal salts points to the central role of chlorine-containing compounds during the degradation of the 800-year-old paint, leading to, among other things, the formation of the rare mineral cumengeite (21PbCl2·20Cu(OH)2·6H2O).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The relatively high solubility of cotunnite (K sp ≈ 1.70 × 10 −5 ) [ 40 ] and its low stability at pH levels higher than 6 causes it to be gradually converted into laurionite in a second transformation step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi

Avranovich Clerici,

de Meyer,

Vanmeert

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…The current methods of red mud extraction include pyrometallurgy (smelting reduction) and hydrometallurgy (acid leaching extraction). The former is based on the principle that scandium is further enriched by roasting the red mud to remove iron [122], extracting alumina from the slag, and recovering scandium by acid leaching extraction or ion exchange. The latter is a direct acid leaching treatment of red mud to recover scandium by acid leaching and extraction.…”

Section: Recovery Of Rees (Rare Earth Elements)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization Technology of Red Mud

Zhang

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina production process. Because of its large amount of discharge and high alkalinity, it is mostly stored in dams, occupying a large number of land resources and posing a great safety hazard to the ecological environment. The large-scale consumption of red mud is a global technical problem. Different alumina production processes will produce different types of red mud, mainly Bayer process red mud. In addition to its overall utilization in the field of building materials, agriculture, the environment, and the chemical industry, red mud also contains valuable metal elements, such as titanium, iron, scandium, and aluminum, and is an important secondary mineral resource. This paper focuses on the principle and characteristics of red mud metallurgical treatment for the extraction of valuable components and looks forward to the prospect of large-scale, harmless, and high-value comprehensive utilization technology for red mud in China.

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“…However, RM is not considered a hazardous material in many countries. RM can be recycled as a raw material for the extraction of valuable metals, such as iron, scandium, and aluminium (Yang et al, 2015;Akcil et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2019;Ding et al, 2020). The recovery of other metals is still in the laboratory stage or preliminary exploration stage, except for iron (Zeng et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of nickel and iron from low–grade laterite ore and red mud using co–reduction roasting: Industrial-scale test

Guo

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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In this study, the effects of red mud (RM) dosage during the co-reduction roasting of lowgrade laterite ore and RM were investigated. The expanded test was conducted under the following optimized conditions: RM-1 dosage of 15 wt%, anthracite dosage of 13 wt%, a roasting temperature of 1300 o C, and roasting time of 3 h. Ferronickel powder was obtained with a nickel grade of 1.95 wt%, iron grade of 83.25 wt%, and nickel and total iron recoveries of 94.71 wt% and 95.98 wt%, respectively. The addition of RM improved the recovery of nickel and total iron in ferronickel powder. The reason was because of the increased intensity of the diffraction peaks of kamacite and iron, and the ferronickel particles grown due to the liquid phase were easier to achieve at a lower melting point. The industrialscale test results showed that ferronickel powder was obtained with average nickel and total iron grades of 1.76 wt% and 86.46 wt%, respectively, which indicated the successful industrial-scale test of coreduction roasting. Thermodynamic analysis theoretically illustrated the feasibility of the co-reduction of low-grade laterite ore and RM. Increased roasting temperature promoted the reduction of iron oxide and nickel oxide.

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A novel process for extraction of iron from a refractory red mud

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi

Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi

Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization Technology of Red Mud

Recovery of nickel and iron from low–grade laterite ore and red mud using co–reduction roasting: Industrial-scale test

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