Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization Technology of Red Mud

Li, Xiaofei; Zhang, Ting‐an; Lv, Guozhi; Wang, Kun; Wang, Song

doi:10.3390/min13060737

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The goal of hydrometallurgical operations is to selectively separate or leach rareearth metals from red mud or bauxite residue [83]. The kind of bauxite residue shows which acid is best adapted for leaching, and research shows that the results of acid leaching are highly dependent on the type of bauxite residue.…”

Section: Hydrometallurgical Recovery Of Rees From Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare-Earth Metals from Red Mud

Akcil,

Swami,

Gardas

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Aluminum is produced from its primary bauxite ore through the Bayer process. Although Al is important nowadays in the development of humanity, its production leads to the generation of a huge amount of waste, called red mud. Globally, the estimation of the stock of red mud is about 4 billion tons, with about 10 million tons located in Turkey. The presence of rare-earth elements (REEs) in crucial materials such as red mud makes it a major source of these elements. A number of methods have been developed for treating red mud, which are employed globally to recover valuable products. The application of a suitable method for REE extraction from red mud is a way to overcome the supply risk, contributing to reducing the environmental issues linked to red mud pollution. The current review summarizes the research on red mud processing and examines the viability of recovering REEs from red mud sustainably, utilizing hydrometallurgy and biohydrometallurgy.

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Section: Hydrometallurgical Recovery Of Rees From Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare-Earth Metals from Red Mud

Akcil,

Swami,

Gardas

et al. 2024

Minerals

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“…The iron content of red mud of the Bayer process is relatively high, mainly existing in the form of limonite and goethite. Moreover, red mud contains a lot of valuable metal elements, such as titanium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, scandium, and other rare metals and radioactive elements [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, porosity, strong alkalinity, and radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Magnetization Roasting Kinetics of High-Iron and Low-Silicon Red Mud

Xie,

Hao,

et al. 2023

Materials

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High-iron and low-silicon red mud is not only an alkaline solid waste from Bayer process alumina production, but it is also a very important secondary iron resource. Magnetization roasting is considered as an effective and typical method for the iron recovery and removal of impurities in red mud. In this work, based on the characteristics of large specific surface area and high porosity of red mud, the kinetics of magnetization roasting and phase transformation of red mud were studied. Thermodynamic analysis results show that the reduction of iron oxide in red mud is more easily promoted by CO as reducing agent at low roasting temperature. The reduction reaction is prone to overreduction, and fayalite and ferrospinel can be formed in the reaction system. The phase transformation and iron reduction mechanism during the roasting process were evaluated. Most of hematite and goethite in the red mud decomposed in the process of magnetization roasting, released CO2, and transformed into strongly magnetic magnetite. The reaction process has some characteristics controlled by homogeneous reaction. The process of magnetization roasting reduction with CO was controlled by the hybrid control dynamics model, and the apparent activation energy was 38.31 kJ·mol−1.

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“…At present, the world's alumina is mainly produced through the Bayer method, accounting for more than 90% of the production, which has led to the global stock of RM reaching 4.6 billion tons, and China's alumina production accounted for about 55% of the global production. With the development of the economy, since 2017, China's annual RM production has exceeded 100 million tons, and RM has long been one of the bulk solid wastes in China's industrial production [2,3]. RM is characterized by low activity and high alkalinity and is difficult to be used directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Utilization Potential of Red Mud: A Study on the Micro-Mechanism of the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Solid Waste Filling Materials

Zhang,

Yan,

Bai

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Red mud (RM) is a common industrial byproduct that is characterized by high alkalinity, high pollution, and difficult utilization. In this paper, gangue (CG), flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD), and silicate cement (PC) were used to assist red mud in the preparation of red mud-based composite filler material (RMC), aiming at the large-scale resource utilization of RM. The effects of the mass ratio of RM/CG, the mass ratio of FGD/(RM + CG), and the water–solid ratio (WCR) on the multi-angle properties of RMC were investigated and the optimal ratios were determined. The results showed that the RM/CG was 7:1, FGD/(RM + CG) was 4%, and WCR was 0.51 (RMC8), and the system could increase the RM content to 70%. The microstructural analysis of RMC using a specific surface area and porosity analyzer (BET), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that its hydration products could remodel the pore structure, encapsulate and cement the coarse and fine particles into a dense matrix, and play a certain alkali reduction role, which revealed the microscopic synergistic mechanism between multiple solid wastes. The study shows that the comprehensive disposal of RM reduces the pollution released into the environment and provides new ideas for the green development of mines.

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Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization Technology of Red Mud

Cited by 12 publications

References 93 publications

Overview on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare-Earth Metals from Red Mud

Overview on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Rare-Earth Metals from Red Mud

Study on Magnetization Roasting Kinetics of High-Iron and Low-Silicon Red Mud

Resource Utilization Potential of Red Mud: A Study on the Micro-Mechanism of the Synergistic Effect of Multiple Solid Waste Filling Materials

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