A Novel Organic Selenium Compound Exerts Unique Regulation of Selenium Speciation, Selenogenome, and Selenoproteins in Broiler Chicks

Abstract

A new organic selenium compound, 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (SeO), displayed a greater bioavailability than sodium selenite (SeNa) or seleno-yeast (SeY) in several species. This study sought to determine the regulation of the speciation of selenium, expression of selenogenome and selenocysteine biosynthesis and degradation-related genes, and production of selenoproteins by the 3 forms of selenium in the tissues of broiler chicks. Day-old male chicks ( = 6 cages/diet, 6 chicks/cage) were fed a selenium-deficient, corn and soy-based diet [base diet (BD), 0.05 mg Se/kg] or the BD + SeNa, SeY, or SeO at 0.2 mg Se/kg for 6 wk. Plasma, livers, and pectoral and thigh muscles were collected at weeks 3 and 6 to assay for total selenium, selenomethionine, selenocysteine, redox status, and selected genes, proteins, and enzymes. Although both SeY and SeO produced greater concentrations ( < 0.05) of total selenium (20-172%) and of selenomethionine (≤15-fold) in the liver, pectoral muscle, and thigh than those of SeNa, SeO further raised ( < 0.05) these concentrations by 13-37% and 43-87%, respectively, compared with SeY. Compared with the BD, only SeO enhanced ( 0.05) the mRNA of () and () in the liver and thigh (62-98%) and thioredoxin reductase (TXRND) activity in the pectoral and thigh muscles (20-37%) at week 3. Furthermore, SeO increased ( 0.05) the expression of () , GPX4, SELENOP, and SELENOU relative to the SeNa group by 26-207%, and the expression of, GPX4, and SELENOP relative to the SeY group by 23-55% in various tissues. Compared with SeNa or SeY, SeO demonstrated a unique ability to enrich selenomethionine and total selenium depositions, to induce the early expression of and mRNA and TXRND activity, and to enhance the protein production of GPX4, SELENOP, and SELENOU in the tissues of chicks.

Selenium in Poultry Nutrition: from Sodium Selenite to Organic Selenium Sources

“…Furthermore, OH-SeMet in turkey diet improved GSH-Px activity in thigh muscles and decreased lipid peroxidation (Briens et al, 2016). In addition, compared with sodium selenite or Seyeast, OH-SeMet demonstrated an increased efficacy to enrich SeMet and total Se depositions, to induce mRNA expression of selenoprotein S and MsrB, thioredoxin reductase activity, and protein expression of GSH-Px4, selenoprotein P, and selenoprotein U in the tissues of chicks (Zhao et al, 2017). Similar to growing chickens, breeders would benefit from OH-SeMet supplementation, as laying hens fed a diet with 0.2 ppm Se as OH-SeMet transferred more Se to their eggs (+28.8%) and built bigger Se reserves in muscles (+28%) than birds fed the diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm Se in the Se-yeast form (Jlali et al, 2013).…”

“…Furthermore, specific emphasis has been placed on protein oxidation in relation to meat quality, including water-holding capacity of meat and drip loss. Indeed, increased activity of MsrB in the muscles as a result of improved Se status owing to the usage of hydroxyselenomethionine (OH-SeMet) in the diet led to a decrease in protein oxidation (Zhao et al, 2017) and could reduce drip loss. Se has been suggested to have immunomodulatory properties as well, which remain to be explored (Surai, 2006).…”

“…Indeed, the aforementioned results clearly showed that OH-SeMet supplied in the same dose as Se-yeast in the chicken diet would provide additional benefit in terms of Se reserves in the muscles as well as Se transfer to the egg and probably, to the developing embryo. This improvement in Se status could potentially be translated into higher selenoprotein expression and better antioxidant protection in stressful conditions of commercial poultry production (Zhao et al, 2017;Lei et al, 2017).…”

“…It is generally accepted that in biological systems, Se participates in various biochemical pathways and physiological functions as an integral part of a range of important selenoproteins. In chickens, 26 genes encoding different selenocysteine (SeCys) -containing proteins have been identified (Lei, 2017;Zhao et al, 2017). Interestingly, more than half of the known selenoproteins are directly or indirectly involved in antioxidant defenses and maintaining redox balance in the cell (Fig.…”

The influence of selenium and selenoproteins on immune responses of poultry and pigs

“…In addition, other minor organic forms derived from plants or yeast metabolisms such as methylselenol, selenohomocysteine, and selenoadiosine have been reported due to the progress in analytical methodology of analysing Se-species (Bierla et al, 2012). More recently, a feed additive as, hydroxy-selenomethionine, (2-hydroxy-4-metylselenobutanoic acid or HMSeBA) was indicated to be more bioavailable than selenite and Se-yeast in monogastrics (Briens et al, 2013;Jlali et al, 2014;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2014.…”