A Novel Non-invasive Technique of Measuring Bilirubin Levels Using BiliCapture

Rizvi, Moattar Raza; Al‐Askar, Farah M.; Al-Baradie, Raid Saleem; Rizvi, Noor Fatima; Al-Abdulwahab, Khaled

doi:10.5001/omj.2019.05

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Serum was taken as much as 1 ml and put into microtubes and stored in a refrigerator at -4 °C. Determination of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and Billirubin of blood serum was conducted at the North Sumatera regional health laboratory [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin Isoniazid-induced Rats

Wahfar

Lister

Fachrial

2021

JPRI

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Aims: Hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid (AT- DILI, Anti Tuberculosis-Drug Induced Liver Injury), is an adverse reaction followed by significant morbidity. Several in vivo and in vitro research has confirmed that papaya seeds contain various non-essentials, minerals, and fiber. Carica papaya role in disease prevention through modulation of various processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, immunomodulatory activity, and antioxidant activity, suggests a role in neutralizing free radical generation and ultimately preventing pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of papaya seeds on rifampicin and isoniazid- induced rats. Study Design: This study is experimental study. Methodology: The experimental animals in this study were divided into eight groups, including normal group, negative group 1, negative group 2, negative group 3, positive group, treatment group I (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 100 mg/kgBW), treatment group II (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 300 mg/kgBW), and treatment group III (papaya seed ethanol extract dose of 500 mg/kgBW), then the rats were dissected, and blood was taken for AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and Bilirubin level measurements. Results: The results showed that papaya seed ethanol extract could reduce ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and Bilirubin levels that were significantly different (P <0.05) than those in the negative control group. Conclusion: Flavonoid contains in the extract ethanol carica papaya has vita role to prevent the liver toxicity caused by isoniazid and rifampicin.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin Isoniazid-induced Rats

Wahfar

Lister

Fachrial

2021

JPRI

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“…Research interest in smartphone-based jaundice screening is growing, and recent work is promising [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The most extensively validated system is the BiliCam app that estimates total serum bilirubin (TSB) based on the skin colour of the sternum [15].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone screening for neonatal jaundice via ambient-subtracted sclera chromaticity

et al. 2020

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Jaundice is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn. Globally, early identification and home monitoring are significant challenges in reducing the incidence of jaundicerelated neurological damage. Smartphone cameras are promising as colour-based screening tools as they are low-cost, objective and ubiquitous. We propose a novel smartphone method to screen for neonatal jaundice by imaging the sclera. It does not rely on colour calibration cards or accessories, which may facilitate its adoption at scale and in less economically developed regions. Our approach is to explicitly address three confounding factors in relating colour to jaundice: (1) skin pigmentation, (2) ambient light, and (3) camera spectral response. (1) The variation in skin pigmentation is avoided by imaging the sclera. (2) With the smartphone screen acting as an illuminating flash, a flash/ no-flash image pair is captured using the front-facing camera. The contribution of ambient light is subtracted. (3) In principle, this permits a device-and ambient-independent measure of sclera chromaticity following a one-time calibration. We introduce the concept of Scleral-Conjunctival Bilirubin (SCB), in analogy with Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TcB). The scleral chromaticity is mapped to an SCB value. A pilot study was conducted in the UCL Hospital Neonatal Care Unit (n = 37). Neonates were imaged using a specially developed app concurrently with having a blood test for total serum bilirubin (TSB). The better of two models for SCB based on ambient-subtracted sclera chromaticity achieved r = 0.75 (p<0.01) correlation with TSB. Ambient subtraction improved chromaticity estimates in proof-of-principle laboratory tests and screening performance within our study sample. Using an SCB decision threshold of 190μmol/L, the sensitivity was 100% (specificity 61%) in identifying newborns with TSB>250μmol/L (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC, 0.86), and 92% (specificity 67%) in identifying newborns with TSB>205μmol/L (AUROC 0.85). These results are comparable to modern transcutaneous bilirubinometers.

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“…For the former, researchers have used images of a neonate's face [7], forehead [8][9][10][11], sternum [9,10,12,13], abdomen [13,14], or multiple body parts such as sole, palm, forehead, and arm [15], and face, arms, feet, and middle body [16]. For the latter, researchers have used an eye's sclera for diagnosis [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Further, the study in [23] has focused on stool samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tools are based on skin color detection and are only available for medical practitioners in hospitals and not to the public. Moreover, there are a few efforts to develop mobile applications for jaundice diagnosis based on skin features, such as BiliCam [9,12] and BiliScan [13], or eye features, such as Biliscreen [18] and BiliCapture [20]. Authors of [33] presented issues and challenges faced by non-invasive methods in the detection of neonatal jaundice, such as skin type, age, and melanin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Jaundice Diagnosis Using a Smartphone Camera Based on Eye, Skin, and Fused Features with Transfer Learning

Althnian

Almanea

Aloboud

2021

Sensors

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Neonatal jaundice is a common condition worldwide. Failure of timely diagnosis and treatment can lead to death or brain injury. Current diagnostic approaches include a painful and time-consuming invasive blood test and non-invasive tests using costly transcutaneous bilirubinometers. Since periodic monitoring is crucial, multiple efforts have been made to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools using a smartphone camera. However, existing works rely either on skin or eye images using statistical or traditional machine learning methods. In this paper, we adopt a deep transfer learning approach based on eye, skin, and fused images. We also trained well-known traditional machine learning models, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF), and compared their performance with that of the transfer learning model. We collected our dataset using a smartphone camera. Moreover, unlike most of the existing contributions, we report accuracy, precision, recall, f-score, and area under the curve (AUC) for all the experiments and analyzed their significance statistically. Our results indicate that the transfer learning model performed the best with skin images, while traditional models achieved the best performance with eyes and fused features. Further, we found that the transfer learning model with skin features performed comparably to the MLP model with eye features.

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A Novel Non-invasive Technique of Measuring Bilirubin Levels Using BiliCapture

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatoprotective Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin Isoniazid-induced Rats

Hepatoprotective Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract on Rifampicin Isoniazid-induced Rats

Smartphone screening for neonatal jaundice via ambient-subtracted sclera chromaticity

Neonatal Jaundice Diagnosis Using a Smartphone Camera Based on Eye, Skin, and Fused Features with Transfer Learning

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