A Novel NH₂/ITO Ion Implantation Electrode: Preparation, Characterization, and Application in Bioelectrochemistry

Abstract

A novel NH 2 þ ion implantation-modified indium tin oxide (NH 2 /ITO) electrode was prepared. Acid-pretreated, negatively charged MWNTs were firstly modified on the surface of NH 2 þ ion implantation electrode, then, positively charged Mb was adsorbed onto MWNTs films by electrostatic interaction. The assembly of MWNTs and Mb was characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The immobilized Mb showed a couple of quasireversible cyclic voltammetry peaks in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The apparent surface concentration of Mb at the electrode surface was 1.06 Â 10 À9 mol cm À2. The Mb/MWNTs/NH 2 /ITO electrode also gave an improved electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalysis currents increased linearly to the H 2 O 2 concentration in a wide range from 9 Â 10 À7 to 9.2 Â 10 À5 M with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The detection limit was 9.0 Â 10 À7 M. The experiment results demonstrated that the modified electrode provided a biocompatible microenvironment for protein and supplied a necessary pathway for its direct electron transfer.

The enhanced anticoagulation for graphene induced by COOH+ ion implantation

“…Finally, COOH + ions were implanted on graphene using a Kaufman-100 implanter (Tongchuang Applied Plasma Technology Center, Chengdu, China). The COOH + was generated from methanoic acid, which would be ionized by heating in water bath and bombardment of accelerated electrons in ion source [ 9 , 11 , 13 ]. These ions were accelerated by a high tension onto the graphene samples.…”

“…Ion implantation, which enables one to inject any element or group into the near-surface region of any solid [ 9 ], provides a practical way to get functional surface with stability and reproducibility [ 10 - 12 ]. The method modifies the structure of a target-near-surface by bombardment by ions [ 11 ]. Because of these advantages, ion implantation for surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been used in our previous works [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Enhancement of interaction of L-929 cells with functionalized graphene via COOH+ ion implantation vs. chemical method

“…Mouse fibroblast cell (L-929) is considered to be an idea model cell line to study cell biocompatibility37, which is commonly used to evaluate cytotoxicity of potential substrates for cell growth1011. In order to investigate the cytocompatibility of graphene, COOH + /graphene, and COOH functionalized graphene in vitro , L-929 cell line was chosen as the target cells to evaluate the cell viability and proliferation by [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay133.…”

A novel electrode surface fabricated by directly attaching gold nanoparticles onto ions implanted-indium tin oxide substrate

“…In comparison with other technologies, ion implantation has the advantage of controlling the species and numbers of the implanted atoms more precisely, thereby providing a useful way to modify the surface [9]. Our group has implanted organic groups such as COOH + and NH þ 2 into ITO thin films and applied them to investigate the electrochemical behaviors of many biomolecules [10,11]. Previous reports proved that ion implantation modifies only the surfaces characteristics without affecting properties of the implanted group, which provided a simple and useful strategy to attach AuNPs on the surface without the use of certain organic binder molecules [12].…”