A Novel Neurotoxin from Venom of the Spider, Brachypelma albopilosum

Zhong, Yi; Song, Bo; Mo, Guoxiang; Yuan, Mingwei; Liu, Hongli; Wang, Ping; Yüan, Ming; Lu, Qiumin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110221

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The MTT assays indicated that both synthetic peptides were not cytotoxic on the HT-29, SHSY5Y, and MDAMB231 cell lines up to 10 µM concentration. Similarly, no insecticidal effect was observed in Z. morio larvae 48 h after the injection of 300 µg peptide/kg body weight, a quantity much higher than those determining visible neurotoxic effects, or even death, for other invertebrate toxins ( Yang et al 2012 ; Zhong et al 2014 ). Finally, the antimicrobial activity assay evidenced that both MgCRP-I 7 and 9 did not show any effect on the selected bacterial and fungal strains at concentrations up to 32 µM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Cysteine-Rich Peptides (MgCRP-I) fromMytilus galloprovincialis

et al. 2015

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We report the identification of a novel gene family (named MgCRP-I) encoding short secreted cysteine-rich peptides in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. These peptides display a highly conserved pre-pro region and a hypervariable mature peptide comprising six invariant cysteine residues arranged in three intramolecular disulfide bridges. Although their cysteine pattern is similar to cysteines-rich neurotoxic peptides of distantly related protostomes such as cone snails and arachnids, the different organization of the disulfide bridges observed in synthetic peptides and phylogenetic analyses revealed MgCRP-I as a novel protein family. Genome- and transcriptome-wide searches for orthologous sequences in other bivalve species indicated the unique presence of this gene family in Mytilus spp. Like many antimicrobial peptides and neurotoxins, MgCRP-I peptides are produced as pre-propeptides, usually have a net positive charge and likely derive from similar evolutionary mechanisms, that is, gene duplication and positive selection within the mature peptide region; however, synthetic MgCRP-I peptides did not display significant toxicity in cultured mammalian cells, insecticidal, antimicrobial, or antifungal activities. The functional role of MgCRP-I peptides in mussel physiology still remains puzzling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Cysteine-Rich Peptides (MgCRP-I) fromMytilus galloprovincialis

et al. 2015

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“…The described oedema activity [22] was not associated to a specific toxin since it was demonstrated to be induced by various pathways. Otherwise, the venoms of the Brachypelma genus have been widely studied, comprising insecticidal and neurotoxic activity [23,24], with small molecules related to tissue toxicity [25]. Despite scarce macromolecules, theraphosid spiders produce a wide range of peptides that can differ between species of the same genera and usually have selective ligand properties [26] that may also elicit inflammation and local reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-clinical evidence supports anti-inflammatories as more effective medication than antihistamines against tarantula local effects envenomation

Sutti²,

Pi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Tarantulas are the most common invertebrates pets, especially in North America and Europe. The most commercialized genera are from Southern Asia and tropical Americas, represented by Vitalius, found in Southeastern Brazil, and Brachypelma, common in Mexican desert. Bites by these spiders in humans occurs during manipulation and generally result in clinical manifestations such local pain, erythema and oedema, with the possibility of secondary local infection. Hence, the cases are usually treated with prescription free drugs such as antihistamines and anti-inflammatories. Methods: In this work, we investigated the post treatment with commercial nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatories and anti-histamines administered by oral and intraperitoneal routes on rat paw oedema induced by venoms of V. dubius and B. smithi. Hydroplethysmometer standard oedema measurement and Evans blue extravasation were performed. Dose standardization experiments showed that the V. dubius is more potent than B. smithi, and doses were established at 30 μg/paw and 60 μg/paw respectively. Results: The oral post-administration of ketoprofen (non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and prednisolone (steroidal anti-inflammatory) markedly reduced a paw oedema evoked by only V. dubius venom, but loratadine (H1-antihistamine) had negligible effect on rat paw oedema induced by both venoms. Intraperitoneal administration, ketoprofen (20 mg Kg-1) and loratadine (5 mg Kg-1) reduced the rat paw oedema induced by V. dubius and B. smithi while methylprednisolone (10 mg Kg-1) only inhibited the oedema induced by V. dubius. Conclusion: These results suggest that the pos-treatment with nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are more potent than antihistamines in attenuating the local effect induced by V. dubius and B. smithi venoms.

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“…Most spider venom contains multiple disulphide containing neurotoxins peptides which are pre-dominant component of venoms. A novel neurotoxin peptide was isolated from venom of the spider Brachypelma albopilosum having 10 kDa molecular weight (Yunhua et al, 2014). Venom toxins from spider result in paralysis of muscles or stroke, muscles weakness associated with arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis or pulmonary edema (Del et al, 2013).…”

Section: International Journal Of Zoological Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider Crossopriza lyoni Purified Venom Toxin Induced Bio-molecular Alterations in Blood of Albino Mice

Kumar¹,

Kant²

2019

IJZI

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In the present investigation biomolecules in the blood of spider Crossopriza lyoni were determined in albino mice. For visualizing biomolecule effects, physiological or sub-lethal dose of purified venom toxins of spider Crossopriza lyoni was administered in laboratory reared albino mice. Level of serum total protein was decreased significantly (p<0.05) up to 78 % and 69 % at 6 h of 40% and 80% of 24-h LD50, respectively as compared to control. Later on, it was slightly recovered up to 85 % and 84 % at 10 h in comparison to control. Level of serum free amino acid was increased significantly (p<0.05) up to 117 % at 6 h of 40% of 24-h LD50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins while 80 % of 24-h LD50 caused a significant increase of 151 % at 8 h. A significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum uric acid was found to be 138 % and 136 % at 8 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD50 of purified Crossopriza lyoni venom toxins, respectively in comparison to control. Similarly a marginal reduction in serum cholesterol level i.e. 87 % and 88 % was found at 10 h of treatment with 40 % and 80 % of 24-h LD50 of purified venom toxins from C. lyoni in comparison to control. Serum pyruvic acid increased significantly (p<0.05) up to maximum 164 % at 6 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) elevation in serum glucose level i.e. 152 % was noted at 10 h of treatment with 40 % of 24-h LD50 of purified C. lyoni venom toxins in comparison to control.

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A Novel Neurotoxin from Venom of the Spider, Brachypelma albopilosum

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Cysteine-Rich Peptides (MgCRP-I) fromMytilus galloprovincialis

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Family of Cysteine-Rich Peptides (MgCRP-I) fromMytilus galloprovincialis

Non-clinical evidence supports anti-inflammatories as more effective medication than antihistamines against tarantula local effects envenomation

Spider Crossopriza lyoni Purified Venom Toxin Induced Bio-molecular Alterations in Blood of Albino Mice

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