A novel modification on melt intercalation via exothermal MMT

Wang, Xin; Lin, Jingjing; Wang, Xuyun; Wang, Zhaobo

doi:10.1002/app.20742

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It seems that the 3 : 1 compound system had a better‐intercalated structure than the others. Several reasons explain this distinct modification 26–28. First, when CTAB was used to modify MMT, its chain segments were long enough to prevent the mutual reaction of the double bonds of DMDAAC and make MMT highly organophilic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is difficult for polyolefins to form an ideal intercalated structure with organophilic clays because the polyolefins are highly hydrophobic and, if any nanocomposites form, they are still thermally unstable 9. Therefore, it is important to enhance the interaction between clays and polyolefins by compatibilizers such as graft copolymers,10, 11 or by introducing initiators12 or reactive groups13 into the clay interlayers to form a stable intercalated structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure by a designed route

Hong

Jia

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP) and montmorillonites (MMT) were prepared by solid-phase grafting reactive organomontmorillonite (ROMT) and polar monomers onto powdered PP and melt-blending granule PP with the master batches as PP/MMT grafting copolymers (PPMG). The structure and properties of the PP/ MMT nanocomposites (PPMN) were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. GPC showed that the numerical molecular weight and polydispersity of the graft copolymers of PPMG were approximately 4793 and 2.197, respectively. FTIR confirmed the solid-phase graft copolymerization. XRD and TEM indicated the formation of the exfoliated, layered silicates (tactoids). The mole ratio of compound alkylammoniums and the exothermic enthalpy from solid-phase graft copolymerization played key roles in the formation of tactoids. The optimum mole ratio of organophilic alkylammonium to reactive alkylammonium was 3 : 1. The mechanical and thermal properties increased with the contents of PPMG, and a preferable state was achieved at approximately 8 phr PPMG (parts of reagent per 100 parts of PP) because of the plastification of the exfoliated silicates and the graft copolymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure by a designed route

Hong

Jia

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Consequently, the silicates were exfoliated and uniformly dispersed. Meanwhile, the compound organified PP/MMT system was a more stable thermal system because MMT took part in the solid phase graft copolymerization and in-situ formed compatibilizers for PP and MMT [5,33,34]. 10 and 2435 MPa, which were 37% and 94% higher than those of PP, respectively.…”

Section: Mechanism On the Intercalation Of Mmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, polymer/MMT nanocomposites are prepared mainly via three methods: sol-gel processing [3,4], in-situ polymerization [5,6] and melting intercalation [7−11]. The melting intercalation is commonly used to prepare the MMT nanocomposites of polyolefin such as polypropylene (PP).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of compound organification of montmorillonite on the structure and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Hong

Jia

2007

Front. Mater. Sci. China

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demon stration of polyamide 6/MMT nanocomposites by Toyota Group [1,2]. At present, polymer/MMT nanocomposites are prepared mainly via three methods: sol-gel processing [3,4], in-situ polymerization [5,6] and melting intercalation [7−11]. The melting intercalation is commonly used to prepare the MMT nanocomposites of polyolefin such as polypropylene (PP). However, this method tends to leave a structural limitation to the prepared nanocomposites such as narrower interlayer space and worse dispersion of silicates because the interfacial interaction between the hydrophobic PP and the hydrophilic MMT are too weak to promote the intercalation of PP chains into the interlayers. It had also been reported that the polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites are still thermally unstable even if MMT is organified [4]. The PP chains intercalated into the interlayers of MMT tend to be excluded out of the interlayers, resulting in lower properties of PP/MMT nanocomposites. It is important to enhance the interaction between MMT and PP by compatibilizers [12,13] or by introducing initiators or reactive groups [14,15] into the clay interlayers to form a stable intercalated structure. Graft copolymers are one of the excellent compatibilizers for polymer/clay nanocomposites. The major methods to synthesize polyolefin graft copolymers are the melting graft copolymerization [16−18], solution graft copolymerization [19,20], radiation graft copolymerization [21−23], solid phase graft copolymerization and so on. Compared to the other graft methods, solid phase graft copolymerization is a relatively new method that has the advantages of lower reaction temperature, fewer side reactions, less solvent pollution and simpler post-processing. Monomers used for solid phase graft copolymerization include maleic anhydride (MAH), styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA), etc. The conventional monomer is MAH since it is strongly polar and easily available, but it has the disadvantages of difficult homopolymerization, low graft efficiency, easy sublimation and environmental pollution. Recently, some researchers had developed multi-monomer solid phase graft Abstract In this paper, reactive organic montmorillonite (RMMT), prepared with compound alkylammoniums, were used in ternary-monomer solid phase graft copolymerization in order to enhance the melting intercalation of montmorillonite (MMT), stabilize the intercalated structure, and prepare the exfoliated polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites (PPMN). The structure and properties of PPMN were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Results show that the compound organification, solid phase graft copolymerization really favored the melting intercalation. The compound organification and exothermic process of the solid phase copolymerization promoted the melting intercalation. The mechanical properties, melt flow rate and Vicat softening point of PPMN significantly ...

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“…Strong interactions between the dispersed clay particles and the polymer matrix can signifi cantly change the rheological behavior of the nanocomposite in the molten state [16][17][18] . Several recent studies have indicated that when clay particles are largely exfoliated, the melt rheology of a composite melt can change from a melt-like to a peso solid-like state, which suggests that the dispersed clay platelets behave as physical crosslinks 19 .…”

Section: Linear Dynamic Viscoelasticity Of Pp/ Organoclay Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Polypropylene Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2006

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Organoclay reinforced polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites have been prepared by melt intercalation using extrusion. Their structural, rheological and mechanical properties have been investigated. It was found that the organoclays were intercalated and dispersed evenly in the matrix. Both polypropylene and its nanocomposites demonstrated a meltlike rheological behaviour under small-strain oscillatory shear. The storage and loss moduli of the nanocomposites decreased with temperature and increased with organoclay concentration. The effect of temperature and organoclay content on the steady shear viscosity was also studied and a shear thinning behaviour was found at higher shear rates, which facilitated their processing using conventional equipment. The elastic modulus of PP nanocomposites was increased significantly comparing to PP.

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A novel modification on melt intercalation via exothermal MMT

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure by a designed route

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure by a designed route

Effect of compound organification of montmorillonite on the structure and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

The Characteristics of Polypropylene Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites

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