A novel method to prepare nanostructured manganese dioxide and its electrochemical properties as a supercapacitor electrode

Cage-like MnO 2 -Mn 2 O 3 hollow spheres with high specific capacitance and high rate capability as supercapacitor material

“…S10 shows the specific capacitance retention of CMHS and MHS after 2000 charge-discharge galvanostatic cycles at 2 A g -1 were 77.4% and 68.2% respectively. The high cycling stability of CMHS is comparable to that of various reported MnO2-based electrodes 33,35,42 such as carbon@MnO2 coreshell spheres 33 and mesoporous MnO2/polyaniline hollow spheres 42 , but lower than hollow MnO2 tubes 19 and nano-structured MnO2 hollow spheres in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaurophosphate in DMF electrolyte 41 . However, in our case it was found that the electrolyte did slightly discolour after 2000 cycles.…”

“…At high scan rates from 10 to 100 mV s -1 , the CV curves show distortion from rectangular shape owing to electrode polarization. The charge mechanism of manganese oxides in electrolytes containing alkaline metal cations (A + ) is shown below, where transition between Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ occurs at surface sites accessible to electrolyte ions 34 Capacitance via the above mechanism at high scan rates or high current densities is thought to only occur within a thin surface layer of manganese oxides 35 . However, at very low scan rates, A + ions may also intercalate deeper into the material structure, which can raise the observed specific capacitance.…”

Electrodeposition of manganese dioxide: effect of quaternary amines

“…Surfactants are commonly used in the preparation of various electrode materials by a number of different techniques, such as chemical co-precipitation [13,14], liquid co-precipitation [15] as well as electrochemical deposition methods [16,17], and their use has been widely reported in the literature. Ghaemi et al [17] have reported that electrolytic MnO2 prepared in the laboratory in the absence of surfactant does not have properties appropriate for battery applications.…”

Effect of Non-ionic Surfactants and Its Role in K Intercalation in Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide

“…Use of surfactants during preparation of materials for battery applications has been widely reported in the literature. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Surfactants may be used during chemical co-precipitation, [18,19] liquid co-precipitation, [20] as well as electrochemical deposition methods. [21,22] Ghaemi et al [22] have reported improved charge/discharge cycle behavior of EMD prepared in the presence of t-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (Triton X-100).…”