A novel method of utilizing the biomass resource: Rapid liquefaction of wheat straw and preparation of biodegradable polyurethane foam (PUF)

Wang, Hui; Chen, Hongzhang

doi:10.1016/j.jcice.2006.10.004

Cited by 111 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The lower hydroxyl number obtained for product obtained from the microwave driven liquefaction, can be inferred to the oxidation since microwaves are able to promote more efficiently those reactions as well as recondensation reactions between the liquefaction solvents and cork components which consumed plenty of hydroxyl groups [21,24]. The specific composition of cork itself can also justify the lower values.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

RG¹,

Mateus²

2015

Ind Eng Manage

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Cork wastes and by-products were used as raw materials to access sustainable biopolyols in a fast and clean manner. Contributing for the mitigation of a residue recorded as industrial residues in the European waste catalogue and hazardous waste list reducing, therefore, its environmental impact. Cork powder resulting from the cork industry as a waste and/or by-products with no commercial value was subjected to liquefaction in 2-ethyl hexanol/DEG in the presence of p-toluene sulfuric acid. Microwave radiation was used as the heating source. Pulsed microwaves from 150-300 W power were applied for 5-20 min. This alternative energy source was successfully applied leading to a high conversion of cork powder into liquid biopolyols. The efficiency of liquefaction increased with higher microwave power and shorter reaction time. This study evidenced that cork powder can be liquidized via microwave. ATR experiments indicated that microwave led to a more intense oxidized cleavage of the lignocellulosic material and more extensive liquefaction reaction when compared to the conventional procedure.

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Section: Characterization Of the Obtained Productsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

RG¹,

Mateus²

2015

Ind Eng Manage

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“…However, at the later stages of liquefaction, compounds generated through the biomass degradation are re-polymerizing, and thus creating an insoluble material that consists of glycol or glycerol glucosides and xylosides (Yamada and Ono 1999;Yamada et al 2001). The re-polymerization rate increases with increasing reaction duration due to the increasing concentration of low-molecular-weight compounds related to the biomass decomposition (Wang and Chen 2007). As a result, the balance between decomposition and re-polymerization shifts towards the latter process, which simultaneously slows down the rate of increase of liquefaction yield.…”

Section: Characterization Of Bio-based Polyolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al (2007) used ethylene glycol to liquefy bagasse in the presence of sulfuric acid (VI), while Ye et al (2014) converted bamboo shoot shells into a polyol with the mixture of EG and PEG. Glycerol, used alone or in combination with other solvents, seems to be the most popular chemical to liquefy cork (Yona et al 2014), acid hydrolysis residue of corncob (Zhang et al 2012), biodiesel production solid residues (Briones et al 2011a, b), wheat straw (Wang and Chen 2007), and bagasse or cotton stalks (Hassan and Shukry 2008). The main advantage of glycerol with respect to the liquefaction process is the presence of three hydroxyl groups in its structure, which allows for the generation of the branched structure of resulting polyols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolyols obtained via crude glycerol-based liquefaction of cellulose: their structural, rheological and thermal characterization

et al. 2016

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In this work lignocellulose biomass liquefaction was used to produce biopolyols suitable for the manufacturing of rigid polyurethane foams. In order to better evaluate the mechanism of the process, pure cellulose was applied as a raw material. The effect of time and temperature on the effectiveness of liquefaction and the parameters of resulting biopolyols were characterized. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their chemical structure, rheology, thermal and oxidative stability, and basic physical and mechanical properties that are important from the point of view of polyurethane manufacturing. The optimal parameters for the biopolyol production with a 94 % yield were achieved at 150°C for a 6-h reaction duration. The obtained polyols were characterized by the hydroxyl number of 643 mg KOH/g and enhanced thermal and oxidative stability compared to the polyols obtained at lower temperatures, which is associated with the altered mechanism of liquefaction. The results of rheological tests, analyzed with the use of Ostwald-de Waele and Herschel Bulkley models, revealed that the prepared biopolyols can be classified as pseudoplastic fluids with the viscosity values similar to those of commercially available products. Rigid foams obtained via partial substitution of petrochemical polyol with prepared biobased one were characterized by slightly increased apparent density and average cell size comparing to unmodified materials. The best mechanical performance was observed for the sample containing 35 wt% of biopolyol in the polyol mixture, which indicates a synergistic effect between the applied polyols. The applied modification delayed thermal degradation of foams due to changes in thermal decomposition process. In conclusion, the presented work confirms that lignocellulose biomass liquefaction can be successfully applied as a manufacturing method of polyols later used in the production of polyurethanes.

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“…The decreasing residue content obtained from 1/2 to 1/4 ratio could be attributed to recondensation reactions of the liquefied components due to the high raw material concentration a nd this would break the liquefaction process [5]. The relatively lower residue content obtained in this study might be explained by the use of a different liquefaction solvent and different lignocellulosic biomass [6][7] [8]. Thus, it could be concluded that the effect of different liquefaction solvent on the liquefaction rate of Liquefied oil palm fruit waste is greatly dependent on the oil palm fruit waste/PA ratio.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Preparation and Characterization of Biopolyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Fruit Waste: Part 2

Kormin

Rus

2017

MSF

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Abstract. Liquefaction is known to be an effective method for converting biomass into a biopolyol. The biomass liquefaction of oil palm fruit waste (OPFW) in the presence of liquefaction solvent/polyhydric alcohol (PA): Ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and glycerol using sulfuric acid as catalyst was studied. For all experiments, the liquefaction was conducted at 150C and atmospheric pressure. The mass ratio of OPFW to liquefaction solvents used in all the experiments was 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4. The results revealed that almost 50% of the oil palm fruit waste converted into liquid product within 2 hours at 150°C with OPFW/PA ratio of 1/4. Biopolyol produced under different condition showed viscosities from 210 to 650 Pa.s. The result in this study may provide fundamental information on integrated utilization of oil palm fruit waste via biomass liquefaction process.

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A novel method of utilizing the biomass resource: Rapid liquefaction of wheat straw and preparation of biodegradable polyurethane foam (PUF)

Cited by 111 publications

References 8 publications

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

Microwave-assisted Liquefaction of Cork - From an Industrial Waste to Sustainable Chemicals

Biopolyols obtained via crude glycerol-based liquefaction of cellulose: their structural, rheological and thermal characterization

Preparation and Characterization of Biopolyol from Liquefied Oil Palm Fruit Waste: Part 2

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