“…Most commonly used are the equations derived by Edlén [46], as modified and subsequently corrected by Birch and Downs [47,48]. Recent instruments developed by Lassila et al [27,32], Picotto et al [33,49], Eom and Han [42] and Sun et al [31] all utilise the modified Edlén equations for refractive index compensation. To do this measurements are required of air temperature, pressure, humidity and in some cases carbon dioxide, although standard conditions for the latter are often assumed except for the highest accuracy systems [22].…”