Ceramic capacitors with upper operating temperatures far beyond 200°C are essential for high-temperature electronics used in deep oil drilling, aviation, automotive industry and so on. Recent advances in existing lead-free dielectrics for potential high-temperature capacitor applications are reviewed and grouped into three categories according to the parent component of the solid solution. Their desirable temperature stabilities were summarised comprehensively. However, there are still some limitations in the current research, such as achieving low loss in a wide temperature range and maintaining stable dielectric properties with different frequencies or at different voltages. Furthermore, the successful implementation of multilayer ceramic capacitors is one of the biggest challenges, which will have far-reaching impacts on the realisation of high-temperature capacitor application in the future.

Ultrafast light-induced molecular reactions on aerosolized nanoparticles may elucidate early steps in the photoactivity of nanoparticles with potential impact in fields ranging from chemistry and medicine to climate science. In situ morphology discrimination for nanoparticle streams when measuring light-induced reaction yields is crucial, but lacking. Here, we experimentally demonstrate, using the reaction nanoscopy technique, that proton momenta from deprotonation reactions induced by intense femtosecond pulses exhibit clear, distinguishable signatures for single silica nanospheres and their clusters. Our findings are supported by classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate an in situ single-shot discrimination method between reaction yields from photoinduced processes on single particles and their clusters. We find that the ionization of clusters dominates at sufficiently low intensities, providing an explanation to resolve previously observed discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical treatments, which considered only single nanoparticles.

Observations have been made, using synchrotron white beam x-ray topography, of stacking faults in 4H–SiC with fault vectors of kind 1/6⟨202¯3⟩. A mechanism has been postulated for their formation which involves overgrowth by a macrostep of the surface outcrop of a c-axis threading screw dislocation, with two c/2-height surface spiral steps, which has several threading dislocations of Burgers vector c+a, with c-height spiral steps, which protrude onto the terrace in between the c/2-risers. Such overgrowth processes deflect the threading dislocations onto the basal plane, enabling them to exit the crystal and thereby providing a mechanism to lower their densities.

Soybean residue is an underutilized, nutrient‐rich by‐product of soybean processing. To enhance its value, we subjected soybean residue to superfine grinding and measured the resulting physiochemical properties and antioxidant activities. We prepared powders with particle sizes of 115.35, 77.93, 39.38, 25.01, and 20.44 μm. As particle size decreased, the surface area (from 96.46 to 198.32 m2/kg) and swelling capacity (from 2.05 to 10.62 ml/g) increased. Conversely, we observed decreases in the surface‐number mean (from 23.07 to 11.20 μm), volume‐surface mean (from 141.70 to 27.96 μm), angles of repose (from 48.30° to 31.46°), water holding capacity (from 7.86 to 4.39 g/g), and oil binding capacity (from 1.78 to 1.42 g/g). The water solubility index and antioxidant activity (reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid)) improved as particle size decreased. In conclusion, superfine grinding improved some properties of soybean residue. Additionally, our findings provide theoretical support for using superfine grinding in industrial food applications.

Though the intact flowers demand a long handling time for pollinators, the reversible staminal lever is of advantage by promoting dispersal of pollen and thus the male function. The particular floral design in S. cyclostegia contributes to the floral constancy of B. personatus bumble-bees, with the lower lever arms acting as an optical cue for foraging cognition.

Differential maturing of male and female organs in Alpinia blepharocalyx is sufficient for selfing avoidance, obviating the need for style movements. Instead, the upward style curvature of the cataflexistylous morph in the morning and the anaflexistylous morph in the afternoon most likely represents a means of reducing interference with pollen export.

bstract: New metastable β titanium alloys are receiving increasing attention due to their excellent biomechanical properties and machinability is critical to their uptake. In this study machining chip microstructure have been investigated to gain an understanding of strain and temperature fields during cutting. For higher cutting speeds, ≥60 m/min, the chips have segmented morphologies characterised by a serrated appearance. High levels of strain in the primary shear zone promote formation of expanded shear band regions between segments which exhibit intensive refinement of the β phase down to grain sizes below 100 nm. The presence of both α and β phases across the expanded shear band suggests that temperatures during cutting are in the range of 400-600°C. For the secondary shear zone, very large strains at the cutting interface result in heavily refined and approximately equiaxed nanocrystalline β grains with sizes around 20-50 nm, while further from the interface the β grains become highly elongated in the shear direction. An absence of the α phase in the region immediately adjacent to the cutting interface indicates recrystallization during cutting and temperatures in excess of the 720°C β transus temperature.

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