A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for carcinoembryonic antigen detection

Yang, Yuying; Liu, Qing; Liu, Yan; Cui, Jianjian; Liu, Hui; Wang, Ping; Li, Yueyun; Chen, Lei; Zhao, Zengdian; Dong, Yunhui

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.029

Cited by 167 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The reviewed GQD-sensing techniques and their biomedical applications are outlined in Figure 1. Since 2015, many investigational studies on GQD biosensors have made a giant step forward due to their aforementioned characteristics [67,[76][77][78]. These studies could specifically and sensitively detect target analytes by virtue of multiplexing electrodes such as screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGE) glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), etc.…”

Section: Approaches To Synthesize Gqds For Biomedical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Mansuriya

Altıntaş

2020

Sensors

164

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Due to the proliferative cancer rates, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases and a plethora of infections across the globe, it is essential to introduce strategies that can rapidly and specifically detect the ultralow concentrations of relevant biomarkers, pathogens, toxins and pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Considering these pathophysiologies, various research works have become necessary to fabricate biosensors for their early diagnosis and treatment, using nanomaterials like quantum dots (QDs). These nanomaterials effectively ameliorate the sensor performance with respect to their reproducibility, selectivity as well as sensitivity. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are ideally graphene fragments of nanometer size, constitute discrete features such as acting as attractive fluorophores and excellent electro-catalysts owing to their photo-stability, water-solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and lucrativeness that make them favorable candidates for a wide range of novel biomedical applications. Herein, we reviewed about 300 biomedical studies reported over the last five years which entail the state of art as well as some pioneering ideas with respect to the prominent role of GQDs, especially in the development of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we outline the ideal properties of GQDs, their eclectic methods of synthesis, and the general principle behind several biosensing techniques.

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Section: Approaches To Synthesize Gqds For Biomedical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang and coworkers introduced a label-free sensing strategy, relying on antibody receptors [78]. This immunosensor was fabricated by modifying GCE with Au, PtPd and N-GQDs for the selective identification of CEA.…”

Section: Amperometric Gqd Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Mansuriya

Altıntaş

2020

Sensors

164

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“…This label-free immunosensor displays a wide linear range from 0.5 to 1000 ng mL −1 , with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 ng mL −1 . Another label-free immunosensor for the quantification of CEA based on PtPd/N-GQDs/Au functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by Yang et al in 2017 [67]. Preparation of PtPd/N-GQDs/Au via a self-assembly approach due to covalent binding is depicted in Figure 7.…”

Section: Gqd-based Electrochemical Immunosensors For Cancer Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging research on GQDs in designing electrochemical immunosensors has been conducted incredibly in the last five years, owing to their attractive features [63,[65][66][67]. Moreover, scientists have zeroed in on the development of such immunosensors for biomedical applications via the usage of (a) biomarkers or pathogens responsible for the respective disease type, (b) highly specific and sensitive immunosensors, and (c) various bioassays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Biomedical Applications

Mansuriya

Altıntaş

2019

Materials

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In the area of biomedicine, research for designing electrochemical sensors has evolved over the past decade, since it is crucial to selectively quantify biomarkers or pathogens in clinical samples for the efficacious diagnosis and/or treatment of various diseases. To fulfil the demand of rapid, specific, economic, and easy detection of such biomolecules in ultralow amounts, numerous nanomaterials have been explored to effectively enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of immunosensors. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered tremendous attention in immunosensor development, owing to their special attributes such as large surface area, excellent biocompatibility, quantum confinement, edge effects, and abundant sites for chemical modification. Besides these distinct features, GQDs acquire peroxidase (POD)-mimicking electro-catalytic activity, and hence, they can replace horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-based systems to conduct facile, quick, and inexpensive label-free immunoassays. The chief motive of this review article is to summarize and focus on the recent advances in GQD-based electrochemical immunosensors for the early and rapid detection of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and pathogenic diseases. Moreover, the underlying principles of electrochemical immunosensing techniques are also highlighted. These GQD immunosensors are ubiquitous in biomedical diagnosis and conducive for miniaturization, encouraging low-cost disease diagnostics in developing nations using point-of-care testing (POCT) and similar allusive techniques.

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“…Thus, the discovery of CQDs has triggered extensive studies to exploit these fluorescence properties in several analytical applications such as optoelectronic [ 25 ], photocatalysis [ 26 ], photoluminescent [ 27 ], bioimaging and biosensing [ 28 ], and immunoassay detection [ 29 , 30 ]. Additionally, owing to their abilities as electron donors and/or acceptors, CQDs have been added as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of metallic gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanocomposites [ 31 ] for sensing applications [ 32 , 33 ]. Generally, the earlier reports on Au/CQDs nanocomposites were published in 2013 and 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CA 19-9 Pancreatic Tumor Marker Fluorescence Immunosensing Detection via Immobilized Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Gold Nanocomposite

Alarfaj

El‐Tohamy

Oraby

2018

IJMS

126

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The clinical detection of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a tumor marker in biological samples, improves and facilitates the rapid screening and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. A simple, low cost, fast, and green synthesis method to prepare a viable carbon quantum dots/gold (CQDs/Au) nanocomposite fluorescence immunosensing solution for the detection of CA 19-9 was reported. The present method is conducted by preparing glucose-derived CQDs using a microwave-assisted method. CQDs were employed as reducing and stabilizing agents for the preparation of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite. The immobilized anti-CA 19-9-labeled horseradish peroxidase enzyme (Ab–HRP) was anchored to the surface of a CQDs/Au nanocomposite by a peptide interaction between the carboxylic and amine active groups. The CA 19-9 antigen was trapped by another monoclonal antibody that was coated on the surface of microtiter wells. The formed sandwich capping antibody–antigen–antibody enzyme complex had tunable fluorescence properties that were detected under excitation and emission wavelengths of 420 and 530 nm. The increase in fluorescence intensities of the immunoassay sensing solution was proportional to the CA 19-9 antigen concentration in the linear range of 0.01–350 U mL−1 and had a lower detection limit of 0.007 U mL−1. The proposed CQDs/Au nanocomposite immunoassay method provides a promising tool for detecting CA 19-9 in human serum.

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A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for carcinoembryonic antigen detection

Cited by 167 publications

References 39 publications

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Biomedical Applications

CA 19-9 Pancreatic Tumor Marker Fluorescence Immunosensing Detection via Immobilized Carbon Quantum Dots Conjugated Gold Nanocomposite

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