Abstract:A new form of microwave device which incorporates the avalanche region of the IMPATT diode and the drift region of the Gunn diode has been designed and simulated using the Monte Carlo method. Our simulations showed that for a 50 µm diameter unoptimized GaAs device, power of up to 0.18 W with an efficiency of 1.5% could be obtained at 75 GHz.
“…The integration of molecular biology and the physical sciences at micro-and nanoscales for constructing hybrid devices has undergone rapid development [1][2][3][4][5]. Important requirements for the construction of hybrid devices include (a) a suitable structure to act as a physical transducer for quantitative detection, (b) special biomaterials and molecules for converting chemical energy into mechanical energy, and (c) the implementation of interfacing technologies to combine the special biomaterials and molecules with the transducer.…”
In this paper, a hybrid device based on a microcantilever interfaced with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is constructed. The microcantilever, on which the highly oriented bR film is self-assembled, undergoes controllable and reversible bending when the light-driven proton pump protein, bR, on the microcantilever surface is activated by visible light. Several control experiments are carried out to preclude the influence of heat and photothermal effects. It is shown that the nanomechanical motion is induced by the resulting gradient of protons, which are transported from the KCl solution on the cytoplasmic side of the bR film towards the extracellular side of the bR film. Along with a simple physical interpretation, the microfabricated cantilever interfaced with the organized molecular film of bR can simulate the natural machinery in converting solar energy to mechanical energy.
“…The integration of molecular biology and the physical sciences at micro-and nanoscales for constructing hybrid devices has undergone rapid development [1][2][3][4][5]. Important requirements for the construction of hybrid devices include (a) a suitable structure to act as a physical transducer for quantitative detection, (b) special biomaterials and molecules for converting chemical energy into mechanical energy, and (c) the implementation of interfacing technologies to combine the special biomaterials and molecules with the transducer.…”
In this paper, a hybrid device based on a microcantilever interfaced with bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is constructed. The microcantilever, on which the highly oriented bR film is self-assembled, undergoes controllable and reversible bending when the light-driven proton pump protein, bR, on the microcantilever surface is activated by visible light. Several control experiments are carried out to preclude the influence of heat and photothermal effects. It is shown that the nanomechanical motion is induced by the resulting gradient of protons, which are transported from the KCl solution on the cytoplasmic side of the bR film towards the extracellular side of the bR film. Along with a simple physical interpretation, the microfabricated cantilever interfaced with the organized molecular film of bR can simulate the natural machinery in converting solar energy to mechanical energy.
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