A novel hybrid image authentication scheme based on absolute moment block truncation coding

High-Precision Authentication Scheme Based on Matrix Encoding for AMBTC-Compressed Images

“…To achieve this goal, in 2017, Lin et al [29] proposed a hybrid image authentication method to protect the integrity of the AMBTC-compressed image. To begin with, they considered the bitmap of the smooth area rather than the complex area as more suitable for parity-check coding [36].…”

“…Experimental results confirm Lin et al's scheme outperforms previous schemes on the image quality of watermarked images and tamper detection. However, it is a little regrettable that the scheme [29] did not completely solve the compression [30] proposed an efficient image authentication method for AMBTC-compressed images using adaptive pixel pair matching. In their scheme, image blocks are classified into edge and non-edge blocks using a predetermined threshold.…”

“…However, in a few cases, their scheme fails to authenticate the watermarked image due to having broken the natural correlation between quantization levels. Table 1 gives summaries of those authentication schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack.…”

“…Table 1 gives summaries of those authentication schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack. Also, most existing methods [23,[26][27][28][29][30] have the weakness that the upper bound of their first hierarchical tampering detection accuracy is around 93.75%.…”

“…In short, some of them [26,[28][29][30] need to store a reference matrix during the AC embedding and authentication phase, and some schemes [23,[25][26][27][28][29] have a limitation against the compression codes' attack or collage attack. Also, most existing methods [23,[26][27][28][29][30] have the weakness that the upper bound of their first hierarchical tampering detection accuracy is around 93.75%. Hence, most of them employ a second hierarchical tampering detection strategy, such as neighborhood elimination, to improve the tampering detection rate.…”