A novel GC-MS method for the determination and quantification of metformin in surface water

Goedecke, Caroline; Fettig, Ina; Piechotta, Christian; Philipp, Rosemarie; Geißen, Sven‐Uwe

doi:10.1039/c6ay02606k

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similarly, Strano-Rossi et al [169] detected metabolites of sibutramine in a study of its pattern of fragmentation following derivatization to the corresponding methyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives. Arbouche et al [192] and Goedecke et al [193] used acylation reagent, N-methyl-bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA) derivatization and GC-MS to determine the metformin in hair and surface water, respectively. A similar GC-MS approach, in combination with LC-diode array detection, was used by Liu et al [194] to screen anorectics and other adulterants in 266 phytotherapeutic formulations.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterfeit formulations: analytical perspective on anorectics

2021

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Purpose This paper examines the scope of anorectics in counterfeit weight-reducing formulations and provides insight into the present state of research in determining such adulterants. Analytical techniques utilised in profiling adulterants found in slimming products, including limitations and mitigation steps of these conventional methods are also discussed. The current legal status of the anorectics and analogues routinely encountered in non-prescription slimming formulations is also explored. Methods All reviewed literature was extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using relevant search terms, such as, ‘counterfeit drugs’, ‘weight loss drugs’, ‘weight-reducing drugs’, ‘slimming drugs’, ‘anorectic agents’, and ‘counterfeit anorexics’. Legislation related to anorectics was obtained from the portals of various government and international agencies. Results Anorectics frequently profiled in counterfeit slimming formulations are mostly amphetamine derivatives or its analogues. Five routinely reported pharmacological classes of adulterants, namely anxiolytics, diuretics, antidepressants, laxatives, and stimulants, are mainly utilised as coadjuvants in fake weigh-reducing formulations to increase bioavailability or to minimise anticipated side effects. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detectors are predominantly used techniques for anorectic analysis due to the possibility of obtaining detailed information of adulterants. However, interference from the complex sample matrices of these fake products limits the accuracy of these methods and requires robust sample preparation methods for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. The most common anorectics found in counterfeit slimming medicines are either completely banned or available by prescription only, in many countries. Conclusions Slimming formulations doped with anorectic cocktails to boost their weight-reducing efficacy are not uncommon. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry remains the gold standard for counterfeit drug analysis, and requires improved preconcentration methods for rapid and quantitative identification of specific chemical constituents. Extensive method development and validation, targeted at refining existing techniques while developing new ones, is expected to improve the analytical profiling of counterfeit anorectics significantly.

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Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterfeit formulations: analytical perspective on anorectics

2021

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“…The major analytical techniques used in metformin analysis include NMR [20], HPLC [21], GC [22], PVC matrix membrane sensors [23], UV-Vis [24], capillary electrophoresis [25], potentiometric titrations etc.24 However, many of these methods are only used in human biological samples and in pharmaceutical for purity determination and many of them are either time consuming or very expensive to run large samples [19].…”

Section: Fig 1 Structure Of Metformin Hydrochloridementioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Aqueous Solution Using Locally Sourced Seaweed (Fucus spiralis) Through HPLC

Bungudu

Murphy

2021

CSIJ

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Metformin hydrochloride is an anti-hyperglycaemic drug that is widely prescribed in the management of noninsulin diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, metformin does not undergo complete metabolism in the body thereby excreting significant amount through urine and eventual discharged into the water bodies. Therefore, this work investigates the possibility bio-sorption of metformin by Fucus spiralis seaweed. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FITR was used for quantifying metformin biosorption. The result shows that Fucus spiralis is a potential biosbent for metformin removal in aqueous solution. The highest removal was up to 74% at 50 µg/mL. It can be mentioned here that this study is the first of it kind in testing seaweed for metformin biosorption. In conclusion, biomass (Fucus spiralis) was tested for its efficiency in metformin removal in aqueous solution. Adsorption studies revealed that F. spiralis can be used as potential adsorbent for metformin uptake. Very limited literature investigates the application of seaweeds species for pharmaceutical remediation. Remediation of waste and surface water using readily available adsorbent such as seaweed will be useful as it relates to human health and environmental contamination. HPLC was used in this study but other spectroscopic technique such as UV/vis could be explored to ascertain the optimized method. Further studies would be needed to test other algal species for metformin bio sorption.

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“…Effluent from the column of GC enters into the MS through the interface. Identification of drug molecules and their degradants, characterization of impurities, bioassay, and separation of components can be analyzed using LC-MS method, for example, metformin [74].…”

Section: Gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Analysis and Diabetes Mellitus - A Review

Venkataraman

Manasa

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Context: Current review focuses on the importance of pharmaceutical analytical techniques in the diagnosis of diabetes and the study of antidiabetic drugs. Objective: The main objective of the review is to compile the different analytical tools such as UV-spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC)-MS, and electrophoresis that are used to diagnose diabetes using different analytical methods. It also attempts to provide information on the assay of antidiabetic drugs by various analytical techniques and thus helps in the development of novel methods for the study of newer drugs molecules having antidiabetic activity. Methods: The blood sample is subjected to centrifugation to collect the serum before any analytical estimation of antidiabetic drugs. The different types of diabetes were diagnosed using various analytical techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, FT-IR, NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS, and electrophoresis. Results: Different analytical methods that were reported in the literature, were succinctly discussed about the quantification of various antidiabetic drugs. These methods were also employed for the determination of antidiabetic drugs in the research field for the study of actives pharmaceutical ingredients, marketing dosage forms, and post-marketed dosage forms. Conclusion: This review is compiled in such a manner such that it helps the analysts to diagnose diabetes using different analytical techniques and also to study various antidiabetic drugs in the pharmaceutical research field. It also attempts to provide information about different active pharmaceutical ingredients, marketing dosage forms, and post-marketed dosage forms.

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A novel GC-MS method for the determination and quantification of metformin in surface water

Abstract: We develop a method to detect the diabetes drug metformin in water samples.

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Counterfeit formulations: analytical perspective on anorectics

Counterfeit formulations: analytical perspective on anorectics

Remediation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Aqueous Solution Using Locally Sourced Seaweed (Fucus spiralis) Through HPLC

Pharmaceutical Analysis and Diabetes Mellitus - A Review

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