A novel facile two-step method for producing glucose from cellulose

Efficient production of glucose by microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose hydrogel

“…In the figure, it can be also observed that the increasing rate of glucose yield with H 2 SO 4 concentration decreased when the acid concentration was higher than 0.04 M. This was probably due to the produced glucose can be further degraded into many byproducts under the conditions. These data were consistent with the reported results (Ni et al, 2013), in which it was also found that glucose yield initially increased, and then nearly kept unchanged with microwave irradiation; whereas in thermal hydrolysis process the value significantly decreased when H 2 SO 4 concentration was higher than 0.04 M. The results exhibited that microwave assistance was an effective way to improve the yield and selectivity of glucose.…”

“…The beam voltage and current used were 40 kV and 40 mA, respectively. The degree of crystallinity (Cr) was calculated by Cr = Fc/(Fc + Fa) Â 100%, where, Fc and Fa are the areas of crystal and amorphous regions, respectively (Ni et al, 2013). The size and the morphology of hydrogel in the swollen state were evaluated by optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM, FEI Quanta 200, Netherlands).…”

“…Over the past years, much work has focused on developing effective technologies for acid hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose (Huang and Fu, 2013;vom Stein et al, 2010;Zhang and Lynd, 2004). A variety of pretreatment methods also have been developed to its activation prior to catalytic hydrolysis, mainly including physical pretreatment such as ball-milling (Zhao et al, 2006), non-thermal atmospheric plasma (Benoit et al, 2011), solvent pretreatment such as ionic liquids (Qu et al, 2014), dilute acids (Chimentao et al, 2014) and concentrated acids (Ni et al, 2013). But clearly, it is desirable to develop a simple, green, and http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.045 0960-8524/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

The correlation between cellulose allomorphs (I and II) and conversion after removal of hemicellulose and lignin of lignocellulose

“…H 3 PO 4 treated samples (P-GR, PE and CS) also had fewer fractions of cellulose I. This indicated that 85% H 3 PO 4 had the role of reducing the CrI of highly crystalline cellulose such as microcrystalline cellulose and was also effective for reducing the CrI of lignocellulose (Jia et al, 2013;Ni et al, 2013;Yoon et al, 2015). NaOH-H 2 SO 4 pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease of crystallinity of all samples.…”

Chemocatalytic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over solid acid catalysts

“…Among various renewable resources, lignocellulosic biomass, possessing a range of excellent properties such as widespread, abundant, diverse and inexpensive, is regarded as a promising and appealing alternative to nonrenewable fossil resources [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. As estimated, nature produces 200 billion metric tons of lignocellulosic biomass with an energy content of 3 × 10 18 kJ year −1 by photosynthesis, which is around 10 times the present and annual energy consumption of the world [9][10][11][12].…”