A novel class of small RNAs in mouse spermatogenic cells

Grivna, Shane T.; Beyret, Ergin; Wang, Zhong; Lin, Haifan

doi:10.1101/gad.1434406

Cited by 765 publications

(685 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yb encodes a novel protein [20], while piwi encodes a highly conserved protein involved in regulation of microRNA (miRNA) production [21,22,[51][52][53][54]. Yb exerts its effect on GSC function by regulating expression of piwi and hh in TFs and cap cells [19].…”

Section: Genes and Pathways That Control Gsc Self-renewal Proliferatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

2007

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Only a small number of cells in adult tissues (the stem cells) possess the ability to self-renew at every cell division, while producing differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis for an organism's lifetime. The Drosophila ovary harbors three different types of stem cell populations (germline stem cell (GSC), somatic stem cell (SSC) and escort stem cell (ESC)) located in a simple anatomical structure known as germarium, rendering it one of the best model systems for studying stem cell biology due to reliable stem cell identification and available sophisticated genetic tools for manipulating gene functions. Particularly, the niche for the GSC is among the first and best studied ones, and studies on the GSC and its niche have made many unique contributions to a better understanding of relationships between stem cells and their niche. So far, both the GSC and the SSC have been shown to be regulated by extrinsic factors originating from their niche and intrinsic factors functioning within. Multiple signaling pathways are required for controlling GSC and SSC self-renewal and differentiation, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how multiple signals from the niche are interpreted in the stem cell. Since the Drosophila ovary contains three types of stem cells, it also provides outstanding opportunities to study how multiple stem cells in a given tissue work collaboratively to contribute to tissue function and maintenance. This review highlights recent major advances in studying Drosophila ovarian stem cells and also discusses future directions and challenges.

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Section: Genes and Pathways That Control Gsc Self-renewal Proliferatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

2007

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“…Targeted disruptions of the two genes resulted in decreased DNA methylation in retrotransposon sequences and increased levels of their RNAs (Aravin et al 2007b(Aravin et al , 2008Kuramochi-Miyagawa et al 2008). In postnatal testes, meiotic spermatocytes and round spermatids express piRNAs of 25-32 nt in length, which are called pachytene piRNAs (Aravin et al 2006;Girard et al 2006;Grivna et al 2006a;Lau et al 2006;Watanabe et al 2006). They interact with PIWIL2 or PIWIL1 (MIWI) (Kuramochi-Miyagawa et al 2001;Deng and Lin 2002) and have diverse sequences that are mapped in clusters in unannotated regions.…”

Section: [Supplemental Materials Is Available For This Article]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PIWIL1 is localized to perinuclear structures called chromatoid bodies (Grivna et al 2006b;Kotaja et al 2006;Aravin et al 2009;Chuma et al 2009), which are the presumed sites of PTGS, analogous to the processing bodies in somatic cells (Liu et al 2005). However, since only 17%-20% of the total pachytene piRNAs corresponds to retrotransposons (Aravin et al 2006;Girard et al 2006;Grivna et al 2006a;Lau et al 2006;Watanabe et al 2006), their role in retrotransposon silencing is less clear. A partial deletion of a pachytene piRNA cluster, however, was reported to result in increased expression of LINE-1 ORF1 proteins (Xu et al 2008).…”

Section: [Supplemental Materials Is Available For This Article]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted gene silencing in mouse germ cells by insertion of a homologous DNA into a piRNA generating locus

et al. 2012

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In germ cells, early embryos, and stem cells of animals, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have an important role in silencing retrotransposons, which are vicious genomic parasites, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. To examine whether the piRNA pathway can be used to silence genes of interest in germ cells, we have generated knock-in mice in which a foreign DNA fragment was inserted into a region generating pachytene piRNAs. The knock-in sequence was transcribed, and the resulting RNA was processed to yield piRNAs in postnatal testes. When reporter genes possessing a sequence complementary to portions of the knock-in sequence were introduced, they were greatly repressed after the time of pachytene piRNA generation. This repression mainly occurred at the post-transcriptional level, as degradation of the reporter RNAs was accelerated. Our results show that the piRNA pathway can be used as a tool for sequence-specific gene silencing in germ cells and support the idea that the piRNA generating regions serve as traps for retrotransposons, enabling the host cell to generate piRNAs against active retrotransposons.

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“…The continuing discovery of novel small RNA such as the class characterized by 26-31 nucleotides and containing "piwi-interacting RNAs", or piRNA, implicated in spermatogenesis (Aravin et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2006;Grivna et al, 2006;Lau et al, 2006;Watanabe et al, 2006) will increase the need for improvements in differentiating miRNAs from other small RNAs. In summary, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody 4F9 with the capability of capturing Ago-associated miRNAs in mammalian cells and may help to elucidate their target mRNAs.…”

Section: F9 Captures Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the argonaute protein Ago2 and microRNAs in the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) using a monoclonal antibody

Ikeda

Satoh

Pauley

et al. 2006

Journal of Immunological Methods

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules responsible for post-transcriptional gene silencing by the degradation or translational inhibition of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This process of gene silencing, known as RNA interference (RNAi), is mediated by highly conserved Argonaute (Ago) proteins which are the key components of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans, Ago2 is responsible for the endonuclease cleavage of targeted mRNA and it interacts with the mRNAbinding protein GW182, which is a marker for cytoplasmic foci referred to as GW bodies (GWBs). We demonstrated that the antiAgo2 monoclonal antibody 4F9 recognized GWBs in a cell cycle dependent manner and was capable of capturing miRNAs associated with Ago2. Since Ago2 protein is the effector protein of RNAi, anti-Ago2 monoclonal antibody may be useful in capturing functional miRNAs.

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A novel class of small RNAs in mouse spermatogenic cells

Cited by 765 publications

References 23 publications

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

Targeted gene silencing in mouse germ cells by insertion of a homologous DNA into a piRNA generating locus

Detection of the argonaute protein Ago2 and microRNAs in the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) using a monoclonal antibody

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