A Novel Chemoattractant Lectin, Karatoxin, From the Dorsal Spines of the Small Scorpionfish Hypodytes rubripinnis

Shinohara, Mitsuko; Nagasaka, Kuniko; Nakagawa, Hideyuki; Edo, Kozue; Sakai, Hitomi; Kato, Koji; Iwaki, Futoshi; Ohura, Kiyoshi; Sakuraba, Haruhiko

doi:10.1254/jphs.10058sc

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Karatoxin is a 110 kDa complex that acts as a D-mannose binding lectin. Although it lacks haemolytic activity karatoxin has been shown to have cytolytic, mitogenic, and chemotactic effects, as well as agglutinating effects on rabbit erythrocytes [ 132 , 153 ]. Lectins have also been found in the venom of S. plumieri .…”

Section: Venom Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.

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Section: Venom Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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“…The partial amino acid sequence was determined up to 5 residues, and found to be DHEDS. In the case of the waspfish Hypodytes rubripinnis, Karatoxin, a novel cytotoxic protein (110 kDa), was successfully purified from the dorsal spines of this fish (Nagasaka et al 2009;Shinohara et al 2010). The N-terminal partial amino acid sequence of the 76 kDa subunit of Karatoxin was shown to be DQHDDxPxxAPDPG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a novel lectin from the dorsal spines of the devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus

et al. 2015

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A novel lectin was purified from the dorsal spines of the devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus using a combination of affinity chromatography techniques. A single band was detected on a native PAGE gel with a relative molecular mass of 97 kDa. The N-terminal partial amino acid of the intact 75 kDa subunit of the 97 kDa lectin was found to be DHEDS. The agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the 97 kDa lectin was inhibited most effectively by methyl a-D-mannoside. The 97 kDa lectin stimulated mitogenesis in murine splenocytes. This is the first study to examine the dorsal lectin of I. japonicus and one of the very few studies on venom lectins from venomous scorpaeniform fish. These results suggest that the devil stinger, I. japonicus, may be a novel resource for biologically active substances.

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“…This cytotoxic protein, Karatoxin, is obtained from the dorsal spines of Hypodytes rubripinnis, also known as redfin velvetfish (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persian Gulf Stonefish (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma) Venom Fractions Selectively Induce Apoptosis on Cancerous Hepatocytes from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway

et al. 2017

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Background: Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3rd leading reason for mortality associated with cancer and the 6th most widespread malignant tumor. Objectives: This study aims to investigate selective toxicity of venom fractions of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma, commonly known as stonefish, on hepatocytes and mitochondria obtained from diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Different dilutions of extracted fractions from crude stonefish venom were treated on hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). In response to stonefish venom fractions, mitochondrial related parameters including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase 3, and induction of apoptosis were investigated. Results: Our results demonstrate that for the first time, fraction 3 of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma treatment on cancerous mitochondria had a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release increased. Moreover, fraction 3 induced selective toxicity only in cancerous hepatocytes from the HCC but not those from healthy cells. Additional research also determined a significant increase in activation of caspase 3 and induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides evidence that fraction 3 of Pseudosynanceia melanostigma venom selectively induces apoptosis in cancerous hepatocytes from HCC through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

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A Novel Chemoattractant Lectin, Karatoxin, From the Dorsal Spines of the Small Scorpionfish Hypodytes rubripinnis

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Isolation of a novel lectin from the dorsal spines of the devil stinger, Inimicus japonicus

Persian Gulf Stonefish (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma) Venom Fractions Selectively Induce Apoptosis on Cancerous Hepatocytes from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway

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