A Novel Charging Method for Underwater Batteryless Sensor Node Networks

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel charging method for underwater batteryless sensor node networks. The target application is a practical underwater sensor network for oceanic fish farms. The underwater sections of the network use a wireless power transfer system based on the ISO 11784/11785 HDX standard for supplying energy to the batteryless sensor nodes. Each sensor has an accumulator capacitor, which is charged for voltage supplying to the sensor node. A new distributed charging scheme is proposed and discussed in detail to reduce the required time to charge all sensor nodes of the underwater sections. One important key is its decentralized control of the charging process. The proposal is based on the self disconnection ability of each sensor node from the charging network. The second important key is that the hardware implementation of this new feature is quite simple and only requires to include a minimal circuitry in parallel to the current sensor node antenna while the rest of the sensor network remains unaltered. The proposed charging scheme is evaluated using real corner cases from practical oceanic fish farms sensor networks. The results from experiments demonstrate that it is possible to charge up to 10 sensor nodes which is the double charging capability than previous research presented. In the same conditions as the approach found in the literature, it represents reaching an ocean depth of 60 m. In terms of energy, in case of an underwater network with 5 sensors to reach 30 m deep, the proposed charging scheme requires only a 25% of the power required using the traditional approach.

Application of NSGA-II to Obtain the Charging Current-Time Tradeoff Curve in Battery Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Nodes

“…This application measurement can also be applied to a tank based aquaculture solution like that presented in [ 29 ]. In addition, we use the batteryless and underwater sensor node presented in [ 22 ]. However, we modified its implementation to include the secondary UMAC battery from Murata, Ltd. as a capacitor of the sensor node (see Table 1 ).…”

“…In this research, we use the underwater sensor node presented in [ 22 ] as a reference. This sensor node follows the ISO 11784/11785 standard.…”

“…Recently, authors in [ 22 ] introduce a methodology that provides energy to a sensor network just when the sensor node must execute a job using the Radio Frequency IDentification RFID ISO 11784/11785 standard. The amount of energy transmitted to the sensor node is controlled turning on and off not only the energy source, since the sensor node self disconnection also contributes to reducing the required energy at the power source.…”

Deployment Strategies of Soil Monitoring WSN for Precision Agriculture Irrigation Scheduling in Rural Areas

“…Therefore, this aspect should also be considered when selecting the height of the node. There are however new solutions that allow charging the batteries of the nodes in a fast manner without the need of connecting the nodes to any device or removing the insulation, such as utilizing wireless power transfer (WPT) [62].…”

A Survey on the Application of WirelessHART for Industrial Process Monitoring and Control

“…Their design is based on the application-specific requirements, since each industrial process has multiple objectives and different infrastructure needs [ 3 ]. In the past few years, IWSNs have emerged in numerous application fields, including personal health monitoring [ 19 ], building and civil infrastructure monitoring [ 20 , 21 ], automotive applications [ 22 ], power converters [ 23 ], power and smart grids [ 24 ], energy harvesting [ 25 ], smart cities [ 26 ], agriculture [ 27 ], food processing [ 28 ], underwater wireless sensor networks [ 29 , 30 ], and environment monitoring [ 31 ].…”