“…Based on these findings, pulmonary function tests can be used to estimate the impact in man of responses to inhaled materials studied in laboratory animals (45,47,55 (13,16), the same type of change has been observed in rats. This is indicated by increased lung volumes (Figure 20), decreased maximal forced expira-FIGURE 16.-Analysis of BALF and BALC in rats exposed for 4 weeks to an agent causing pulmonary phospholipidosis.…”
About the AuthorsJfrgen Pauluhn received his doctoral degree in physical chemistry (subsidiary subject pharmacology) in 1979 from the University of Freiburg (Germany). After
“…Based on these findings, pulmonary function tests can be used to estimate the impact in man of responses to inhaled materials studied in laboratory animals (45,47,55 (13,16), the same type of change has been observed in rats. This is indicated by increased lung volumes (Figure 20), decreased maximal forced expira-FIGURE 16.-Analysis of BALF and BALC in rats exposed for 4 weeks to an agent causing pulmonary phospholipidosis.…”
About the AuthorsJfrgen Pauluhn received his doctoral degree in physical chemistry (subsidiary subject pharmacology) in 1979 from the University of Freiburg (Germany). After
“…An epidemic of organising pneumonia due to the aerosolised textile dye Acramin FWN has been reported [306][307][308][309]. However, a number of patients were characterised by severe progressive disease (especially those with an infiltrative pattern on imaging) with irreversible fibrosis and ensuing death.…”
Organising pneumonia is defined histopathologically by intra-alveolar buds of granulation tissue, consisting of intermixed myofibroblasts and connective tissue. Although nonspecific, this histopathological pattern, together with characteristic clinical and imaging features, defines cryptogenic organising pneumonia when no cause or peculiar underlying context is found. Rapid clinical and imaging improvement is obtained with corticosteroid treatment, but relapses are common after stopping treatment.
“…Admittedly, textile pigment systems were commonly intended to be applied as a paste for screen printing, and not as an aerosol by air brushing. Accordingly, the poor hygiene conditions and the uncommon use pattern of such products in the factories involved seemed to coincide, with the workers being exposed to concentrations of textile pigments as high as 10 mg/m 3 air (Camus & Nemery, 1998;Clottens et al, 1997).…”
The pulmonary response of Wistar rats to a cumulative dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of a polymeric alpha,omega-diamine was examined using the intratracheal route of administration. Instillation of the test substance was on days 0 and 7 followed by a 3-month postobservation period. Static and dynamic pulmonary function tests, including arterial blood gas determinations, were performed during wk 5, 9, and 13. At all time points, significantly depressed flow-volume curves, reduced quasistatic compliance, and reduced vital capacity were observed. These were associated with increases of residual volume and functional residual capacity in the presence of unremarkable changes of total lung capacity (TLC). One of the most predominant dysfunctions of the lung was a severe maldistribution of ventilation, indicated by the single-breath nitrogen washout test. The carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DL(CO)), in turn, was only mildly decreased, and differences between treatment and control groups did not reach statistical significance. Assessment of arterial blood gases demonstrated a statistically significantly increased venous admixture with subsequent slight hypoxemia. In summary, the predominant dysfunction appeared to be consistent with an obstructive rather than restrictive lung disease. The functional changes observed may account for the effect on arterial blood gases, suggesting a mismatch of the ventilation-perfusion relationship. Either measurement appear to demonstrate a relative stable dysfunction during the 3-mo postinstillation observation period. Collectively, this study supports the view held that polymeric alpha, omega-diamines appear to be potent pneumotoxicants.
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