“…The pioneering work by Szirmai, 31 Hattori et al, [11][12][13] and others have exposed the potential applications with charged particles. Utilizing charged particles in display technologies, however, requires a quantitative understanding of how design parameters, such as L e , L z , , m , r, T, N, n e , V 0 , and Q eff ϰ Q, enter into particle volume compression.…”