A novel biosensor for early diagnosis of liver cancer cases using smart nano‐magnetic metal–organic framework

Abstract

For the first time, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) quantification as an early test for liver cancer diagnosis competing with other interfering analytes and factors based on a novel nano-magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) was investigated. The novel nano-magnetic MOF was synthesized via a simple preparation method, and characterized using various techniques. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the nano-magnetic MOF shows Cu 2p, O 1s, N 1s and C 1s peaks that evidence the presence of these elements in the sample without any impurities. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images show the nano-magnetic MOF with average size between 22 and 43 nm. The results of a photoluminescence study show that the nano-magnetic MOF exhibits strong emission at 418 nm after excitation at 354 nm. Moreover, a Stern-Völmer graph shows a linear calibration curve over an AFP concentration range 1.0-520 ng ml −1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.997, detection limit of 1.18 ng ml −1 and quantitation limit of 3.58 ng ml −1 .According to the marked quenching of the photoluminescence intensity of the nano-magnetic MOF using various concentrations of AFP, it was successfully used as a biosensor for AFP in serum samples collected from hepatitis patients in addition to healthy males and females. The quenching mechanism was well studied, and found to be a dynamic type. The present work offers a simple, low-cost, roomtemperature and rapid technique, being non-time-consuming, highly accurate, selective and highly sensitive compared with most published methods.

WITHDRAWN: Zn(II) Metal-organic Framework Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Optical Biosensor for Prostate-Specific Antigen

“…On the other hand, the nanomaterials generally and metal-organic frameworks in nano-size-scale (MOF-NPs) especially have many advantages and auspicious properties like chemical and thermal stability, porosity, large surface area, highly magnetic, excellent adsorbent materials …., etc. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Different excellent physicochemical properties of the MOF-NPs make these nanomaterials are very sensitive and selective tools for bonding to biological and organic molecules and can be simply interacted moreeffective than bulk state materials [33].…”

Conductive MOFs with Photophysical Properties: Applications and Thin-Film Fabrication

“…For instance, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme, as a signal for serious diseases, can be detected in human serum samples by In-atp [ 48 ]. Similarly, Cu-MOF-NPs can detect alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for liver cancer diagnosis [ 49 ] as well as triiodothyronine hormone (T3) for thyroid disease diagnosis [ 50 ]. More recently reported luminescent MOF sensors toward various metal ions and organic molecules are listed in Table 3 , and the mechanisms for luminescent sensing are discussed as following.…”

Biomedical Applications of Metal−Organic Frameworks for Disease Diagnosis and Drug Delivery: A Review

“…Another study by Sheta et al [180] utilized a magnetic MOF-based platform (Cu-MOF-NPs) for the early diagnosis of liver cancer using the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) quantification test. It was used as a biosensor for AFP with a detection limit of 1.18 ng mL −1 and a quantification limit of 3.58 ng mL −1 on serum samples obtained from healthy and hepatitis patients.…”