A novel biosensor based on electro-co-deposition of sodium alginate-Fe3O4-graphene composite on the carbon ionic liquid electrode for the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin

Abstract

A novel biosensor based on electro-co-deposition of myoglobin (Mb), sodium alginate (SA), Fe 3 O 4 -graphene (Fe 3 O 4 -GR) composite on the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was fabricated using Nafion as the film forming material to improve the stability of protein immobilized on the electrode surface, and the modified electrode was abbreviated as Nafion/Mb-SA-Fe 3 O 4 -GR/CILE. FT-IR and UV-vis absorption spectra suggested that Mb could retain its native structure after being immobilized in the SA-Fe 3 O 4 -GR composite film. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and a pair of symmetric redox peaks appeared in the cyclic voltammograms, indicating that direct electron transfer of Mb was realized on the modified electrode, which was ascribed to the good electrocatalytic capability of Fe 3 O 4 -GR composite, the good biocompatibility of SA and the synergistic effects of SA and Fe 3 O 4 -GR composite. The electrochemical parameters of the electron transfer number (n), the charge transfer coefficient (a) and the electron transfer rate constant (k s ) were calculated as 0.982, 0.357 and 0.234 s -1 , respectively. The modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic ability to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with wide linear range from 1.4 to 119.4 mmol/L, low detection limit as 0.174 mmol/L (3r), good stability and reproducibility. X. Chen and H. Yan are co-first authors.

Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Organic Disinfection Byproducts in Water

“…Superior sensitivity and specificity of electrochemical sensors can only be achieved when there are well-covered recognition molecules or labels as bridges for electron transfer between electrodes and target molecules. Up to the present date, redox proteins such as hemoglobin (Hb) (Figure a) ,− ,,− ,− ,, and myoglobin (Mb), ,,,,− ,− metal complexes including porphyrin (Figure b), enzymes like horseradish peroxidase (HRP) , and phthalocyanine, and molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) , (Figure c) have been applied as recognition molecules for electrochemical determination of various DBPs in water. From Table (28 out of 40 references), the application of redox proteins was particularly dominant as compared with other recognition mechanisms.…”

“…To prevent recognition molecules (e.g., redox proteins and enzymes) from damage and leakage during the sensor fabrication process, many film-forming agents including chitosan − ,,,− ,, and Nafion ,,,,,,,,− , were utilized to form a durable electrochemical sensing matrix. The activity of biomolecules was maintained due to the presence of microenvironments built by these film-forming agents .…”

Glycerol‐regulated tough and electroresponsive alginate hydrogels for a muscle‐like biobased polymer actuator with highly sensitive and durable output force

“…Kim and Wang et al 16,17 have reported a kind of SA-polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride hydrogel that is able to produce large deflection in 0.6 wt% HCl solution and is positively correlated with the applied voltage. Chen et al 18 has proposed a new bioactuator based on the electrodeposition of myosin, SA and Fe 3 O 4 -graphene complex on carbon ionic liquid electrode, which possesses good electrocatalytic performance for the reduction of trichloroacetic acid, and can be used as a potential bioactuator platform in electrical analysis and electrocatalysis.…”

Highly Hydrophilic Polymer Composite Modified Electrode for Trace Copper Detection Based on Synergetic Electrostatic Attractions and Chelating Interactions

“…Besides, Nafion has been reported [38] to act as a conductive matrix, with which salicylaldehyde azine and MWCNTs could be strongly fixed onto the electrode surface for the selective determination of Cu 2 + . Thus, rich of hydrophilic groups with strong polarity and electronegativity (e. g., sulfo-groups, À SO 3 H) [39], provided to be used together with CMC, Nafion probably can (i) adsorb metal cations through both electrostatic attractions and coordination bonds (behave like CMC) [40][41], so as to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of CMC-based electrode; (ii) form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules (compete with CMC) [42], so as to change the hygroscopicity of CMC and improve the sensing stability; (iii) form a natural barrier to prevent negative-charged particles from aggregating [43][44], herein to prevent the stacking of CMC layers, which will be favourable for the improvement of the sensing performance; (iv) directly form a composite membrane with CMC for the same good film-forming ability [45], so as to further improve the sensing performance. In a word, theoretically, Nafion seems to be a promising candidate from multiple perspectives for the improvement of the stability and sensitivity of CMC-based electrode.…”