A novel aqueous ammonium dual-ion battery based on organic polymers

Abstract

A novel and green aqueous ADIB with high cell voltage based on organic polymers.

High-performance all-organic aqueous batteries based on a poly(imide) anode and poly(catechol) cathode

“…1a). 33,35,[44][45][46] The reverse reaction occurs in the subsequent oxidation sweep with the expulsion of Li + from the enolate sites. Therefore, the overall redox reaction of PI can be considered as a quasi-reversible two successive one-electron process with an average conversion potential of E ave PI, Li + z À0.5 V. Here the term E ave ([E PI,1 + E PI,2 ]/2) is just used as the average conversion potential for a two successive one-electron process with the purpose of representing the anticipated voltage output of the full-cell when coupled with a positive electrode and should not be confused with the usage of E 1/2 .…”

“…[20][21][22][23] Based on the charge storage mechanisms of RAPs, they can be generally classied into: n-type undergoing N4N À , p-type undergoing P4P + , and bipolar exhibiting B À 4B4B + redox reactions, with the simultaneous shuttling of electroneutralizing cations, anions, and dual ions, respectively. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]18,19 Depending on the RAP (n-or p-type) and the chemical nature of the charge carriers, three kinds of AqPBs were realized: (i) n|ntype combination is generally preferred for the capacityoriented design (20-65 mA h g cell À1 , <1 V), [24][25][26] p|p-type combination mostly preferred for the voltage-oriented design (1.1-1.3 V, <45 mA h g cell À1 ), [27][28][29] and n|p-type combination offers a compromise between the capacity and the voltage (10-52 mA h g cell À1 and 0.9-1.3 V) [29][30][31][32][33] ( Fig. S1 and Table S1, see the ESI †).…”

Organic Electrode Materials for Non-aqueous K-Ion Batteries

“…As a result, the diverse redox mechanisms and chemical environments cause OEMs to exhibit a wide potential range. In general, p-type materials have a high redox potential (> 3 V vs. Li + /Li) than n-type materials (< 3 V vs. Li + /Li) [41][42][43]. Hence, n-type materials can be used as an anode or cathode, whereas p-type materials are only suitable for the cathode.…”

Latest Advances in High-Voltage and High-Energy-Density Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries

“…This battery had an average working voltage of only 1.0 V and a low energy density of 43 Wh kg −1 . An aqueous ammonium dual-ion battery with maximum operating voltage of 1.9 V and a high energy density of 51.3 Wh kg −1 was constructed by using organic polymer electrodes [62]. However, the voltage and the energy density of these batteries were limited and need further improvement.…”