A novel approach to quantify nitrogen distribution in nanocrystalline-amorphous alloys

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new group of nanocrystalline medical-grade stainless steels prepared by powder metallurgy

“…The solute drag effect combined with the contribution of carbon and nitrogen are expected to be responsible for the retarded grain growth in this material. The solubility of nitrogen and carbon atoms in crystals is limited; therefore, they segregate at grain boundaries [16][17][18] and retard grain boundary mobility at high temperatures [18][19][20][21]. can be seen, both increases by increasing the sintering aid content, due to the progress in densification and the decrease of retained porosity.…”

Compositional homogeneity in a medical-grade stainless steel sintered with a Mn–Si additive

“…1c presents the HRTEM micrograph of the same powder, in which a consideration to the atomic arrangement depicts a nanocrystal embedded in the amorphous matrix, inferring the heterogeneous nucleation of the amorphous phase from grain boundaries of the crystalline phases as high-energy places which are preferential for nucleation [14]. The significant structural refinement leading to nanocrystallization can be explained by severe plastic deformation due to the actions of the milling media [15] and the contribution of the interstitially dissolved elements of nitrogen [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and carbon [24]. Moreover, amorphization is owing to severe plastic deformation (accordingly extreme structural refinement), large atomic size mismatch and negative enthalpy of mixing among the constituent elements [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]25].…”