Biomedical Applications of Intelligent Nanomaterials

Fahmy, Mina D.; Jazayeri, Hossein E.; Razavi, Mehdi; Hashemi, Mohadeseh; Omidi, Meisam; Farahani, Masoumeh; Salahinejad, E.; Yadegari, Amir; Pitcher, S.; Tayebi, Lobat

doi:10.1002/9781119242628.ch8

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Several substances can induce and retain complex processes that cause cell differentiation and tissue engineering. Graphene is one of the most attractive nanomaterials in many fields such as energy, environment, and biomedical, because of its excellent chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics 1,4,5 . It is a carbon‐based flat monolayer that can be easily functionalized with different molecules and nanoparticles through covalent or noncovalent interactions 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene is one of the most attractive nanomaterials in many fields such as energy, environment, and biomedical, because of its excellent chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics. 1,4,5 It is a carbonbased flat monolayer that can be easily functionalized with different molecules and nanoparticles through covalent or noncovalent interactions. 6 The graphene family nanomaterials contain various graphene derivatives, including ultrathin graphite, few-layered graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and graphene nanosheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application

Niknam

Hosseinzadeh

Shams

et al. 2022

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Graphene‐based nanocomposites have recently attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering because of their extraordinary features. These biocompatible substances, in the presence of an apt microenvironment, can stimulate and sustain the growth and differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. This review discusses the characteristics of graphene and its derivatives, such as their excellent electrical signal transduction, carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength with improving surface characteristics, self‐lubrication, antiwear properties, enormous specific surface area, and ease of functional group modification. Moreover, safety issues in the application of graphene and its derivatives in terms of biocompatibility, toxicity, and interaction with immune cells are discussed. We also describe the applicability of graphene‐based nanocomposites in tissue healing and organ regeneration, particularly in the bone, cartilage, teeth, neurons, heart, skeletal muscle, and skin. The impacts of special textural and structural characteristics of graphene‐based nanomaterials on the regeneration of various tissues are highlighted. Finally, the present review gives some hints on future research for the transformation of these exciting materials in clinical studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application

Niknam

Hosseinzadeh

Shams

et al. 2022

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…15 Some modifications and incorporation of other materials in the PCL scaffold can accommodate its deficiencies. 16 For A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t instance, with the addition of silicate-containing hydroxyapatite (SiHA) micro-particles to the PCL, a hybrid scaffold was obtained, which has shown randomly oriented and well-aligned microfibers, enhanced cell adhesion and viability during in vitro tests. 17 Heydari et al reported that the electrospun scaffolds composed of PCL and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) particles exhibited suitable mechanical properties and a positive impact on the growth of the osteoblast human G-292 cells on them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Magnesium Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Improving Bone Tissue Reconstruction

et al. 2020

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Purpose: Recently, bone tissue engineering as a new strategy is used to repair and replace bone defects due to limitations in allograft and autograft methods. In this regard, we prepared nanofibrous scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone and magnesium oxide nanoparticles using the electrospinning technique for possible bone tissue engineering applications. Methods: The fabricated composites were characterized via scanning electron microscopy imaging of scaffolds and seeded cells, water contact angle, DAPI staining, and MTT assay. Then osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on this composite scaffold was determined by standard osteogenic marker tests, including alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and expression of osteogenic differentiation genes in the laboratory conditions. Results: The Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the diameter of nanofibers significantly decreased from 1029.25±209.349 µm to 537.83+0.140 nm, with the increase of MgO concentration to 2% (p<0.05). Initial adhesion and proliferation of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone scaffolds were significantly enhanced with the increasing of magnesium oxide concentration (p<0.05). The 2% magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold showed significant increase in ALP activity (p<0.05) and osteogenic-related gene expressions (Col1a1 and OPN) (p<0.05) in compared to pure polycaprolactone and (0, 0.5 and 1%) magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone scaffolds. Conclusion: According to the results, it was demonstrated that magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone composite nanofibers have considerable osteoinductive potential, and taking together adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-magnesium oxide/polycaprolactone composite nanofibers can be a proper bio-implant to usage for bone regenerative medicine applications. Future in vivo studies are needed to determine this composite therapeutic potential.

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“…Owing to excellent physicochemical characteristics such as high capacity, high stability, and ease of conjugation with hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics, carbon‐based nanomaterials have attracted great attention for medical and diagnostic uses (Fahmy et al, ; Li et al, ; Liu, Tabakman, Welsher, & Dai, ; Marchesan & Prato, ; Sahoo et al, ; Zhang, Meng, Lu, Fei, & Dyson, ). Among the different carbon‐based nanomaterials, graphene and graphene‐derived nanomaterials have emerged with multitude applications, including both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in the same platform (Gurunathan, Han, Park, & Kim, ; Jaworski et al, ; Ma et al, ; Wang et al, ; Zhang, Xia, Zhao, Liu, & Zhang, ; Zhou et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems toxicology assessment revealed the impact of graphene‐based materials on cell cycle regulators

Farahani

Rezaei‐Tavirani

Zali

et al. 2020

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Understanding the cellular and molecular toxicity of graphene and its derivatives is essential for their biomedical applications. Herein, gene expression profile of graphene-exposed cells was retrieved from the Gene expression omnibus database.Differentially expressed genes and their functional roles were then investigated through the pathway, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and module analysis.High degree (hub) and high betweenness centrality (bottleneck) nodes were subsequently identified. The functional analysis of central genes indicated that these graphene-gene interactions could be of great value for further investigation. Accordingly, we also followed the expression of five hub-bottleneck genes in graphenetreated murine peritoneal macrophages and human breast cancer cell line by realtime PCR. The five hub-bottleneck genes related to graphene cytotoxicity; CDK1, CCNB1, PLK1, TOP2A, and CCNA2 were identified through network analysis, which were highly correlated with regulation of cell cycle processes. The module analysis indicated the cell cycle pathway to be the predominant one. Gene expression evaluation showed downregulation of these genes in the macrophages and cancer cells treated with graphene. These results provided some new intuitions concerning the graphene-cell interactions and unveiled targeting critical cell cycle regulators. The present study indicated some toxic effects of graphene-based materials through systems toxicology assessment. Integrating gene expression and PPI network may help explaining biological responses of graphene and lead to beneficial impacts in nanomedicine. K E Y W O R D Scell cycle, gene expression, graphene, protein-protein interaction network, systems toxicology

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Biomedical Applications of Intelligent Nanomaterials

Cited by 12 publications

References 215 publications

Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application

Recent advances and challenges in graphene‐based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering application

Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Magnesium Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Improving Bone Tissue Reconstruction

Systems toxicology assessment revealed the impact of graphene‐based materials on cell cycle regulators

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