A Note on the Hydrolysis of Cyanic Acid

Abstract

IN the liquid state below zero, or in aqueous solution, free cyanic acid may be regarded as an equilibrium mixture of the two components: HO. CN HN: CO.

The integration of realist and cultural analyses of internal wars: Interlocking logics and the American case

“…Due to problems of incomplete information and credible commitment, actors are uncertain about the intentions of others, fear betrayal, and hence can provoke conflicts. 89 'As the ethnic balance of power is constantly in flux and some uncertainty over the intentions of others is ever present', observed Lake and Rothchild, 'problems of credible commitment in ethnic relations are universal. Concerned that the balance of power may tip against them or that the other may have hostile intentions, groups worry that agreements made today will not be honored tomorrow...…”

Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Golden? The Consequences of Failed Mediation in Civil Wars

“…Looking at the conflict setting, the relative strength of the parties involved is one of the central explanatory factors in the rationalist literature on war onset, since it determines the costs of war. 39 Zartman's discussion of the 'hurting stalemate', a situation in which the costs of war outweigh those of war termination, is relevant here since mediation may help the conflict parties overcome the stalemate. 40 However, mediation may equally be used by (one of) the conflict parties as an opportunity to rearm, leading to a shift in relative military strength to the advantage of the party that builds up its capabilities.…”

‘Give War A Chance’: All-Out War as a Means of Ending Conflict in the Cases of Sri Lanka and Colombia

“…66 When renegotiated agreements offer higher incentives for peace, an unexpected incentive is created to renege in search for greater benefits. 67 In war-torn areas future benefits are heavily discounted, as are the future costs of current actions that undermine peace, 68 and agreements are therefore more prone to the risk of commitment failure. 69 This combined with the common overestimation of the chances of a potential military victory diminish the possible benefits of a long lasting peace.…”