A Note on the Behaviour of Scopus Umbretta

Stowell, Robin

doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1954.tb04118.x

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Commonly one bird adopts a soliciting posture, with wings partly open, tail cocked and legs slightly bent, before the other bird jumps onto its back. Either sex can assume the top position and often the birds alternate positions a number of times (Stowell 1954, Goodfellow 1958.…”

Section: False Mountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE HAMERKOP SCOPUS UMBRETTA IN UGANDA

Kahl

1967

Ibis

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Summary Hamerkops were studied in Uganda, mainly in the vicinity of Kampala, during January‐August 1964. Behavioural observations were made of nest‐building pairs, as well as of non‐breeding birds. Locomotion and feeding behaviour are described. Diving take‐offs and landings, essential for entering or leaving a completed nest, are sometimes seen in other situations as well. Birds sometimes forage while on the wing, in addition to the more usual method while wading. The most frequently seen comfort movements and maintenance activities are described. Hamerkops do not excrete onto their legs when over‐heated as do the storks. The resting posture of sitting completely down on horizontal branches, which is common among Hamerkops, apparently is not known in any of the herons or storks. Primarily hostile (Upright and Forward Threat) and primarily sexual (“Yip‐purr”, Nodding and False Mounting) social displays are described. During False Mounting, birds mount their partners repeatedly without making any attempt at copulation; reverse mountings, in which the other partner assumes the top position, are frequent. The large, hollow nest and its construction are briefly described. During the 6–7 week building period at one nest, at least 8000 loads of material were added to the structure. Both members have an equal role in nest‐building, and generally work independently of each other. They showed no stick‐exchange displays as do herons and storks. When all known aspects of the Hamerkop's behaviour are considered, there appears to be little similarity with either the herons or the storks. In fact, present behavioural evidence does not seem to indicate a particularly close relationship with any other birds so far studied.

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Section: False Mountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE HAMERKOP SCOPUS UMBRETTA IN UGANDA

Kahl

1967

Ibis

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“…In spite of the general interest to which this bird is subject, there are few published data available. Previous studies have been confined to few birds and have concentrated on the rather spectacular 'false mounting' displays (Stowell 1954, Goodfellow 1958, Hue & Etchecopar 1962, Kahl 1967, Cheke 1968). Before the current study was undertaken, observations on nest building were rather superficial (Liversidge 1963, Kahl 1967) and our knowledge of breeding biology, except for one or two not very detailed studies (Cowles 1930, Liversidge 1963, was the result of generally casual observations or was gained from a number of Nest Record Card Schemes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth of nestling Hamerkops Scopus umbretta in central Mali

Wilson¹,

Wilson²,

Durkin³

1988

Ibis

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Data on growth of nestling Hamerkops Scopus umbretto were analysed with respect to year and season of hatching and to hatch sequence. Quantitative growth characters included weight, culmen, tarsus, tail, third outermost primary quill, standard wing-length and wing span. The growth constant K of weight was 0179 and time tI0-tw was 21.8 days. Least-squares analyses showed differences in weight gain, culmenlength and tarsus-length related to year and month but not to sequence of hatching. Predictive equations for character against age are provided for all linear measurements. Characters which attained apparent asymptotes before fledging were weight and culmen and tarsus-length whilst other characters varied between 80 and 90% of reported adult size. Qualitative indications of growth discussed are crest development, colouration and the disappearance of the egg-tooth. The rainy and post-rains seasons appear to offer the Hamerkop the best chances of successful breeding and maximum growth rates.

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“…240 Moreover, a weak state that is not itself in a position to use unfriendly unilateralism might well benefit from the actions of more powerful states. 241 Second, readers might object that noncompliance necessarily undercuts the rule of law by eroding the strayed-from norm. It does not.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unfriendly Unilateralism

Hakimi¹

2013

SSRN Journal

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A Note on the Behaviour of Scopus Umbretta

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE HAMERKOP SCOPUS UMBRETTA IN UGANDA

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE HAMERKOP SCOPUS UMBRETTA IN UGANDA

Growth of nestling Hamerkops Scopus umbretta in central Mali

Unfriendly Unilateralism

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