A Note on Generalization by Schizophrenics

Abstract

Six chronic, regressed schizophrenic Ss who had been identified as “poor” generalizers in an earlier operant conditioning experiment designed to foster interaction behavior, e.g., other-oriented speech, were Ss. By partially reinstating the cues from the original operant conditioning situation, generalization of interaction behavior appeared in five of the six Ss.

Slip at Fluid-Solid Interface

“…The advantage of molecular dynamics approach is that it is capable of dealing with extreme system conditions such as very high shear rates [151], short time scales and nanoscopic dimensions where the system behavior is dominated by molecular scale processes. Other simulation and numerical methods have also been employed to 6 SLIP IN RHEOMETRY 30 investigate slip and slip-related issues [13,41,42,60,62,72,84,91,95,97,109,144,[177][178][179][180][181][182]. Some of these methods have been used to overcome stated limitations in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of not being able to reach low shear rates and large system sizes [97] because MD simulations are usually limited in size to systems on molecular scale (or a few multiples larger) due to practical restrictions on the computational resources.…”

“…Nonetheless, these exceptions appeared to be so common that 1 INTRODUCTION 6 its validity became doubtful in many situations. Even when the no-slip condition seems to hold at macroscopic scale, it could be violated at microscopic and molecular levels [16,17,20,21,27,28,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] with direct impact on microfluidic and nanofluidic systems [42][43][44] and possible ensuing consequences on the macroscopic behavior [34]. A prominent exception for the validity of the no-slip condition is the flow of very low density gas where the mean free path of the molecules are comparable in size to the dimensions of the flow channel [1,4,7,42,45,46].…”

“…Even when the no-slip condition seems to hold at macroscopic scale, it could be violated at microscopic and molecular levels [16,17,20,21,27,28,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] with direct impact on microfluidic and nanofluidic systems [42][43][44] and possible ensuing consequences on the macroscopic behavior [34]. A prominent exception for the validity of the no-slip condition is the flow of very low density gas where the mean free path of the molecules are comparable in size to the dimensions of the flow channel [1,4,7,42,45,46]. The effect of the relation between the mean free path and the dimensions of flow channels on slip can be quantified by the use of Knudsen number, defined as the ratio of molecular mean free path to a characteristic length scale, which is mainly used for the flow of gases although it may also be applied to liquids [32,42,43,47,48].…”

“…A prominent exception for the validity of the no-slip condition is the flow of very low density gas where the mean free path of the molecules are comparable in size to the dimensions of the flow channel [1,4,7,42,45,46]. The effect of the relation between the mean free path and the dimensions of flow channels on slip can be quantified by the use of Knudsen number, defined as the ratio of molecular mean free path to a characteristic length scale, which is mainly used for the flow of gases although it may also be applied to liquids [32,42,43,47,48].…”