A norovirus outbreak in a nursing home: Norovirus shedding time associated with age

Lai, Chao-Chih; Wang, Ying-Hsueh; Wu, Ching-Yi; Hung, Ching-Hsiang; Jiang, Donald Dah-Shyong; Wu, Fang‐Tzy

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2012.10.011

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…During the case investigation into the attendants, we found that most attendants did not know that norovirus could be transmitted via daily contact, or that close contact to vomitus or diarrhea was risky. The epidemiological investigations into norovirus infection outbreaks in other elder care facilities and hospitals also showed that the asymptomatic staff can cause the transmission of norovirus (1,(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Investigation of a Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Outbreak in a China Elder Care Facility

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY: An outbreak of norovirus GII.4/Sydney_2012 affected a China elder care facility in December 2012. A total of 39 elderly people and staff met the outbreak case definition. The attack rates in the elderly and the staff were 15.9z (31/195) and 23.2z (19/82), respectively, including 13 asymptomatic cases in the staff. The result of gene sequencing revealed that the outbreak was caused by norovirus GII.4 Sydney. The mode of transmission of this outbreak was proven to be person-to-person. The first case (a self-cared elder) was affected outside the elder care facility and was not isolated after returning. Norovirus was transmitted via close contact among the self-cared elderly. Then, through servicerelated close contact, the attendants promoted the cross-transmission between the self-cared elderly and the nursed elderly. The virus was also spread among the staff via daily contact. In the elder care facility, the asymptomatic cases in the attendants played an important role in the transmission of norovirus, which deserves high attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five genogroups (GI-GV) and at least 34 genotypes are known, and 3 are pathogenic to humans: GI, GII, and GV (1). In recent years, the GII.4 strain has been identified as being predominant in norovirus outbreaks (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Investigation of a Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Outbreak in a China Elder Care Facility

et al. 2015

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“…In recent years, norovirus (NoV), recognized as the most important foodborne virus, is the most frequent cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide (Lai et al, 2013;Partridge, Evans, Raza, Kudesia, & Parsons, 2012;Shin & Sobsey, 2008;Tsang et al, 2008). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA, more than an estimated 5.5 million cases of NoV infection occur annually, representing approximately 55% of all viral outbreaks in 2010 (Scallan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of structurally intact norovirus from food-contact surfaces

Kim²,

Choi

et al. 2015

Food Control

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“…Although most norovirus infections are acute and self-limiting, the infection can become chronic in (i) solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (2-4), (ii) patients undergoing chemotherapy (3,5,6), and patients with immunodeficiencies, including those caused by HIV infection (7)(8)(9)(10). Prolonged norovirus infection can also be observed in young children (11) and the elderly (12,13). Reduction of immunosuppressive therapy, when feasible, is the strategy of choice to control the infection in transplant recipients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with a Nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitor Reduces Shedding of Murine Norovirus in Stool to Undetectable Levels without Emergence of Drug-Resistant Variants

Rocha‐Pereira

Dycke

Neyts

2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Prolonged norovirus shedding may occur in certain patients, such as organ transplant recipients. We established a mouse model for persistent norovirus infection (using the mouse norovirus MNV.CR6 strain). The nucleoside viral polymerase inhibitor 2=-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), but not favipiravir (T-705), reduced viral shedding to undetectable levels. Viral rebound was observed after stopping treatment, which was again effectively controlled by treatment with 2CMC. No drugresistant variants emerged.

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A norovirus outbreak in a nursing home: Norovirus shedding time associated with age

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Epidemiological Investigation of a Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Outbreak in a China Elder Care Facility

Epidemiological Investigation of a Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Outbreak in a China Elder Care Facility

Recovery of structurally intact norovirus from food-contact surfaces

Treatment with a Nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitor Reduces Shedding of Murine Norovirus in Stool to Undetectable Levels without Emergence of Drug-Resistant Variants

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