A normative study on visual reaction times and two Stroop colour-word tests

Abstract

Two-hundred and nine normal subjects underwent a study aimed at providing norms for some attention tests currently used in neuropsychological examination. Norms were calculated taking into account the demographic variables. Our battery included single visuo-manual and go/no-go reaction times, and two versions of the Stroop Colour-Word Test. For the latter test, we employed a traditional version based on card presentation and a new version based on computer-assisted presentation. We evaluated the intercorrelation of the different tests, and studied the statistical regression models in order to adjust the original scores according to age, education and gender. Normative values were calculated following the Equivalent Scores method. The pattern of intercorrelation of our battery and the regression models of the scores are discussed with reference to the literature. The newly developed computer-assisted presentation of the Stroop test offers some advantages over the traditional version, especially with patients affected by spatial disorders.

Stroop Color-Word Interference Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

“…Armengol, 2002;Barbarotto et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2002;Martins et al, 2005;Oliveira et al, 2016). Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement of quality standards in the neuropsychological evaluation of pediatric population in these countries.…”

“…Currently, only a number of countries have generated normative studies for the Stroop Test within the pediatric population, including but not limited to Brazil (Oliveira et al, 2016), China (Lee, Yuen, & Chan, 2002), Italy (Barbarotto et al, 1998), México (Armengol, 2002), Portugal (Martins et al, 2005) and the U.S. (Moran & Yates, 2011). Regarding the availability of the Stroop Test and normative data for use with Latin American and Spanish pediatric populations, the majorities of the instruments used are adaptations of North American tests and standardized with American norms (Ferraro, 2015;Razani, Burciaga, Madore, & Wong, 2007).…”

Apathy and Related Executive Syndromes in Dementia Associated with Parkinson’s Disease and in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Frontal lobe functions were assessed by means of Frontal Assessment Battery [46], Semantic [47] and Phonological verbal fluency tasks [48], copying task in the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) [49], part B of Trail Making Test (TMT) [50], the Stroop Color-Word Test and Inverse Motor Learning Test (IML) [51]. Visuospatial functions were evaluated by means of Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) [48], Apraxia Constructional Test [47].…”

Cognitive Functions and White Matter Tract Damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study

“…Cognitive and behavioral assessments were administered by a neuropsychologist who was unaware of the clinical and MR imaging data. The neuropsychologic test battery evaluated global cognition with the Mini-Mental State Examination, 10 verbal memory and learning with the Rey word test, 11 visuospatial abilities and spatial memory with the test of copy and recall of Rey's figure, 12 attention and executive functions with the Trail-Making Test (part A that is dependent primarily on the efficiency of visual scanning and psychomotor speed; part B that requires both visuomotor coordination and executive control; and BA score that is calculated as the difference between performance times of part B and part A and is considered a measure of cognitive flexibility, which is relatively independent of manual dexterity), 13 Stroop test, 14 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, 15 and semantic and phonemic fluency tests. 16 The Mini-Mental State Examination also was administered to the healthy subjects.…”