A normative study of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in the Korean elderly

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of eight tests in the Korean version of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery and to provide normative information on the tests in the Korean elderly. The battery was administered to 618 healthy volunteers aged from 60 to 90. People with serious neurological, medical and psychiatric disorders, including dementia, were excluded. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relative contribution of the demographic factors on the score of each cognitive test. Age, education, and gender were found to have significant effects on the performance of many tests in the battery. Based on these results, 4 overlapping age normative tables (60 to 74, 65 to 79, 70 to 84, and 75 to 90 years of age) with 3 educational strata (0 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, and 7 years and more) for both genders are presented. The normative information will be useful for a clinical interpretation of the CERAD neuropsychological battery in Korean elderly as well as for comparing the performance of the battery across countries.

Effects of age, education and gender in the Consortium to Establish a Registry for the Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD)-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery for Cantonese-speaking Chinese elders

“…This discrepancy might be an artifact of our small sample size. Moreover, the average number of years of education of the participants in the US studies (Ganguli et al, 1991;Welsh et al, 1994) was over 12 years; and the Korean study (Lee et al, 2004) had a wider range of years of education (0-22 years) than the current study (0-14 years). The low education levels of the Chinese elderly in Hong Kong as reflected in this sample could create such discrepancies.…”

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korean Elderly

“…Geriatric psychiatrists with expertise in dementia research administered a face-to-face standardized diagnostic interview, and physical and neurological examinations were conducted in each subject using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) Clinical Assessment Battery (CERAD-K-C) [14]. Additionally, a research neuropsychologist or trained research nurse administered the CERAD-K Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-K-N) [14,15] to each subject, and the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) [16] was self-administered by all participants.…”

“…Additionally, a research neuropsychologist or trained research nurse administered the CERAD-K Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-K-N) [14,15] to each subject, and the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) [16] was self-administered by all participants. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR) of the brain, laboratory tests (including complete blood cell count, chemistry profile, and a serological test for syphilis), echocardiography, and chest X-ray were conducted for the subjects with a diagnosis of dementia to determine the subtype.…”

“…MCI was determined according to the consensus criteria from the International Working Group on MCI [19]. The threshold for objective cognitive impairment was set at -1.5 SD of the age-, gender-, and education-adjusted norms of the CERAD-K-N for elderly Korean subjects [20], and intact functional activity was defined as a score of ≤1 on the Blessed Dementia Scale included in the CERAD-K-C.…”

Functional and Physical Abilities in the Early Continuum of Cognitive Decline

“…The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Assessment Battery (CERAD-KC) [15] and the Korean version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview [16,17] were administered by neuropsychologists. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments including the Korean version of the CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-KN) [18], Lexical Fluency Test [19], and Digit Span Test [20] were also carried out. The CERAD-KN includes the Categorical Fluency Test, modified Boston Naming Test, Mini-Mental State Examination, Word List Memory Test, Constructional Praxis Test, Word List Recall Test, Word List Recognition Test, Constructional Recall Test, and Trail Making Test A. Severity of depression was measured using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) [21].…”