A nonverbal test of naturalistic memory for alcohol commercials

Stacy, Alan W.; Pearce, Steve G.; Zogg, Jennifer B.; Unger, Jennifer B.; Dent, Clyde W.

doi:10.1002/mar.20007

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Media exposure to others using drugs and alcohol is a significant risk for substance use (Villani, 2001). Implicit memory measures may be useful in identifying the nature of the changes that result from social learning before actual substance use begins (e.g., messages in popular media; Fleming et al, 2004;Stacy et al, 2004). One effective campaign to reduce teen smoking involved portrayals of cigarette manufacturers as manipulators (Goldman & Glantz, 1998).…”

Section: Cognitive Inoculation Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Changes in Implicit Cognitions and Prevention of Substance Abuse

Krank

Goldstein

2006

Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction

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This chapter explores the growth of implicit substance-use associations during early adolescence and their implications for the development of primary and secondary prevention programs. Increases in implicit measures of substance-use cognitions are highly correlated with, and prospectively predict, the initiation of youth alcohol and marijuana use. We propose that implicit memory measures may uniquely reveal decision-relevant indices of incentive motivation and behavioral choice. As such, implicit measures should be useful to (1) identify and target the stage of risk for substance-use initiation, (2) provide early sensitive measures of effective change from prevention programs, and (3) guide the development of new methods of persuasive messages that focus on behaviorally relevant cognitive changes.

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Section: Cognitive Inoculation Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Changes in Implicit Cognitions and Prevention of Substance Abuse

Krank

Goldstein

2006

Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction

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“…This is because the response format leads to self-generation of responses that could be almost anyth.ing-a potentially vast set size (Nelson et al, 1998) or "fan" (Anderson, 1983) of alternatives. The importance of relative cognition and alternatives is emphasized in areas as diverse as advertising (Stacy, Pearce, et al, 2004;Stewart, 1989), traditional social learning theory (Rotter, 1954}, and motivational theory (Cox et al , Chapter 17;Palfai, Chapter 26}. Further, a number of models of memory instantiate memory competition, whether conceived of as an automatic o r explicit form of memory.…”

Section: Relative Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word Association Tests of Associative Memory and Implicit Processes: Theoretical and Assessment Issues

Stacy¹,

Ames²,

Grenard³

2006

Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction

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Word association is one of the most commonly used measures of association in cognitive science. These restS have been used ro infer association parameters in normative studies, to derive cues and primes used in diverse paradigms (semantic priming, cued recall, illusory memory), to test implicit memory in experimental studies, and to suggest the operation of implicit processes in nonexperimental work. This chapter briefly ourlines some of the historical routes and current controversies about association and summarizes basic cognitive research applying associative tests. The authors then describe benefits and limitations of the rests, as well as implications for theory and interventions on drug use. T his chapter briefly outlines some of the historical ro utes of word association and then summarizes several of the major streams of basic cognitive research revealing the value of these tests. We delineate several current controversies from this basic research and suggest why they are critical for understanding drug-related cognitions and behavior. We then address benefits, limitations , and further implications of the testS.

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“…Portrayals of alcohol in the media have been linked to the development and maintenance of beliefs about and attitudes toward alcohol. Some studies have shown, for instance, that young people who are more exposed to positive alcohol portrayals and advertising have more favorable beliefs about drinking, say they are more likely to drink in the future, and are more likely to consume alcohol (Grube and Wallack 1994; Snyder et al 2006; Stacy et al 2004). Alcohol portrayals in the content of television programs also reinforce existing alcoholic behaviors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alcohol Messages in Prime‐Time Television Series

Russell¹

2009

Journal of Consumer Affairs

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Alcohol messages contained in television programming serve as sources of information about drinking. To better understand the ways embedded messages about alcohol are communicated, it is crucial to objectively monitor and analyze television alcohol depictions. This article presents a content analysis of an eight-week sample of eighteen prime-time programs. Alcohol messages were coded based on modalities of presentation, level of plot connection, and valence. The analysis reveals that mixed messages about alcohol often coexist but the ways in which they are presented differ: whereas negative messages are tied to the plot and communicated verbally, positive messages are associated with subtle visual portrayals.The role of television as a socialization agent is well established (Way 1984). Television programs provide vivid insights into the lifestyles of influential and often aspirational characters (Diener 1993;Russell, Norman, and Heckler 2004), showing what they do, eat, or drink (Avery and Ferraro 2000;O'Guinn and Shrum 1997). As a result, consumers acquire a lot of knowledge, including health-related information (Beck et al. 2004;Gerbner 1995), from watching television dramas. This can become an issue when the information presented or lifestyles depicted do not accurately reflect reality or when behaviors displayed are not recommended (Way 1984). For instance, studies in the 1990s showed that viewers who spend more time consuming mass media held beliefs that were less supportive of good health and nutrition (Avery et al. 1997;Signorielli 1993).One topic of great societal concern, given the potential influence of television programs on viewers, is the presence of messages about alcohol. Worldwide alcohol consumption and the related problems are on the rise. Globally, alcohol is linked to at least 773,600 direct deaths and a multitude of other health and societal problems (WHO 2007). In the United States alone, alcohol consumption is directly responsible for 85,000 deaths (Mokdad et al. 2004), including 12,700 vehicle fatalities (Yi, Williams, and Hilton 2005), and 1,574,000 hospital admissions annually (Chen, Yi, and Hilton 2005). These numbers do not truly reflect the full array of negative consequences (e.g., lost productivity, prevention programs, and healthcare expenditures) related to alcohol consumption. Portrayals of alcohol in the media have been linked to the development and maintenance of beliefs about and attitudes toward alcohol. Some studies have shown, for instance, that young people who are more exposed to positive alcohol portrayals and advertising have more favorable beliefs about drinking, say they are more likely to drink in the future, and are more likely to consume alcohol (Grube and Wallack 1994;Snyder et al. 2006;Stacy et al. 2004). Alcohol portrayals in the content of television programs also reinforce existing alcoholic behaviors. For instance, research has shown that exposing people with high alcohol dependence to a television program with alcohol scenes made it more difficult ...

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A nonverbal test of naturalistic memory for alcohol commercials

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Adolescent Changes in Implicit Cognitions and Prevention of Substance Abuse

Adolescent Changes in Implicit Cognitions and Prevention of Substance Abuse

Word Association Tests of Associative Memory and Implicit Processes: Theoretical and Assessment Issues

Alcohol Messages in Prime‐Time Television Series

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