A Non-thermal Biocompatible Plasma-Modified Chitosan Scaffold Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation in Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Abstract

Non-thermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) was considered as an efficient tool in tissue engineering to modify the surface of biomaterials. Three-dimensional chitosan scaffolds have been extensively used in different ways because it holds some remarkable properties, including biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic potential of NBP-treated chitosan scaffolds using two different plasma sources: a dielectric barrier discharge (NBP-DBD) and a soft jet (NBP-J). The surface modification of the scaffold was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. For osteogenic differentiation of cells, proliferation and differentiation were tested by using bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). We observed that cell viability using NBP-DBD and NBP-J treated chitosan scaffolds yielded significant improvements in cell viability and differentiation. The results obtained with MTT and live/dead assays showed that NBP-modified scaffold increases cell metabolic by MTT assay and live/dead assay. It also observed that the NBP treatment is more effective at 5 min with DBD and was selected for further investigations. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation was observed using NBP-treated scaffolds, as reflected by increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Our findings showed that NBP is an innovative and beneficial tool for modifying chitosan scaffolds to increase their activity, making them suitable as biocompatible materials and for bone tissue engineering.

Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

“…Recently, nonthermal biocompatible atmospheric-pressure plasma (i.e., cold plasma) has provided a new horizon for various prospective biomedical applications [ 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ], and represents a promising technique for the treatment of cancers and tumors without harming normal cells or tissues. Over the past few decades, “plasma medicine” has been used for its anticancer properties [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 ], including one clinical study [ 149 ].…”

Review of Developments in Combating COVID-19 by Vaccines, Inhibitors, Radiations, and Nonthermal Plasma

“…Thermal plasma was also known as hot plasma and equilibrium plasma. Depending on the requirements, equilibrium plasma is used in a variety of applications [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ]. Nonthermal plasma, on the other hand, has significantly lower temperatures than light electrons because heavy atoms and molecules are frequently near room temperature.…”

“…Because NTAP is applied at room temperature, it is suitable for treating a wide range of biological materials, including solids, liquids, and aerosols. There are numerous applications for the two types of NTP, low pressure and atmospheric pressure [ 116 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. Plasma medicine is a developing field that is attracting researchers from various disciplines, such as engineering, plasma physics, biology, and medicine [ 131 ].…”

“…Light electrons, on the other hand, have much higher temperatures in NTAP than heavy atoms and molecules, which are frequently comparable to room temperature. NTAP is suitable for treating a wide range of biological materials, including solids, liquids, and aerosols, because it is room temperature at the application site [ 124 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”

“…Light electrons, on the other hand, have much higher temperatures in NTAP than heavy atoms and molecules, which are frequently comparable to room temperature. NTAP is suitable for treating a wide range of biological materials, including solids, liquids, and aerosols, because it is room temperature at the application site [124,[134][135][136][137][138][139]. (c) plasma delivery strategies, which include direct application, plasma-activated media, device-assisted delivery, and a combination of these.…”