Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

Mumtaz, Sohail; Rana, Juie Nahushkumar; Choi, Eun Ha; Han, Ihn

doi:10.3390/ijms23169288

Cited by 86 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…Sporadic AD has multiple etiologies, including genetic risks, epigenetic and metabolic factors, and environmental insults [ 4 ]. Electromagnetic radiation, to which human beings are increasingly exposed in modern society, appears to affect the brain and might also contribute to the development of sporadic AD [ 5 ]. AD is the fifth-leading cause of death in individuals older than 65 years of age [ 3 ] and exerts a huge psychological, social, and economic burden on modern society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that eventually leads to dementia and death of the patient. Currently, no effective treatment is available that can slow or halt the progression of the disease. The gut microbiota can modulate the host immune system in the peripheral and central nervous system through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and modulation of the gut microbiota may represent a new avenue for treating AD. Immunotherapy targeting Aβ and tau has emerged as the most promising disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of AD. However, the underlying mechanism of AD immunotherapy is not known. Importantly, preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted that the gut microbiota exerts a major influence on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, the role of the gut microbiota in AD immunotherapy has not been explored. We found that immunotherapy targeting tau can modulate the gut microbiota in an AD mouse model. In this article, we focused on the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, immunity, and AD immunotherapy. We speculate that modulation of the gut microbiota induced by AD immunotherapy may partially underlie the efficacy of the treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Iqbal³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Especially for the LOAD, the proposed different risk factors consist of aging, genetic factors (especially mutation of the APP gene, PSEN1/2 genes, and APOε4 gene), exposure to aluminum, head injury, diet, smoking, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular disease, epileptic activity, immune system dysfunction, and infectious disease may result in the impairment of cognitive function due to neurotransmitter disruption [ 38 , 40 ]. In the recent years, many studies suggested that the hippocampus can be injured by long-term microwave exposure, and many arguments relay the possibility that microwaves may be involved in the pathophysiology of CNS disease, including AD [ 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Neuropathological Hallmarks Of Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease: From Immune Homeostasis to Neuroinflammatory Condition

Cariddi

Mauri²,

Cosentino³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause in the world of progressive cognitive decline. Although many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been proposed, in recent years, neuroinflammation has been hypothesized to be an important contributing factor of Alzheimer’s Disease pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation can occur through the combined action of the Central Nervous System resident immune cells and adaptive peripheral immune system. In the past years, immunotherapies for neurodegenerative diseases have focused wrongly on targeting protein aggregates Aβ plaques and NFT treatment. The role of both innate and adaptive immune cells has not been fully clarified, but several data suggest that immune system dysregulation plays a key role in neuroinflammation. Recent studies have focused especially on the role of the adaptive immune system and have shown that inflammatory markers are characterized by increased CD4+ Teff cells’ activities and reduced circulating CD4+ Treg cells. In this review, we discuss the key role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in the degeneration and regeneration mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease, with a focus on how the crosstalk between these two systems is able to sustain brain homeostasis or shift it to a neurodegenerative condition.

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“…To improve quality of life, it is necessary to inactivate dangerous viruses. Radiations are well known to have several effects when interacting with biological systems [ 65 ].…”

Section: Virus Deactivation By Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Developments in Combating COVID-19 by Vaccines, Inhibitors, Radiations, and Nonthermal Plasma

Han

Mumtaz

Srinivasan

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Global society has been highly pressured by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exposed vulnerabilities in supply chains for disinfection products, personal protective equipment, and medical resources worldwide. It is critically necessary to find effective treatments and medications for these viral infections. This review summarizes and emphasizes critical features of recent breakthroughs in vaccines, inhibitors, radiations, and innovative nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) technologies to inactivate COVID-19. NTAP has emerged as an effective, efficient, and safe method of viral inactivation. NTAP can be used to inactivate viruses in an environmentally friendly manner, as well as activate animal and plant viruses in a variety of matrices. Researchers and engineers desire to help the medical world deal with the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic by establishing techniques that make use of widely available NTAP technologies. NTAP technology is not dependent on viral strain, and it does not necessitate months or years of research to develop specific vaccines for each novel or arising viral disease. We believe the NTAP is a highly promising technique for combating COVID-19 and other viruses. Thus, NTAP technology could be a significant breakthrough in the near future in assisting humans in combating COVID-19 infections. We hope that this review provides a platform for readers to examine the progress made in the fight against COVID-19 through the use of vaccines, inhibitors, radiation, and NTAP.

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Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects

Cited by 86 publications

References 216 publications

Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Gut Microbiota and Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease: From Immune Homeostasis to Neuroinflammatory Condition

Review of Developments in Combating COVID-19 by Vaccines, Inhibitors, Radiations, and Nonthermal Plasma

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