A non‐gassing electroosmotic pump with sandwich of poly(2‐ethyl aniline)‐Prussian blue nanocomposite and PVDF membrane

Abstract

Low voltage, non‐gassing electroosmotic pump (EOP) was assembled with poly(2‐ethyl aniline) (EPANI)‐Prussian blue nanocomposite electrode and commercially available hydrophilic PVDF membranes. The nanocomposite material combines excellent oxidation/reduction capacity of EPANI with exceptional stability by shuttling of proton between Prussian blue nanoparticles and EPANI redox matrix. The flow rate was highly dependent on the electrode composition but it was linear with applied voltage. The flow rate at 5 V for different nanocomposite, EPANI, EPANI‐A, EPANI‐B, and EPANI‐C were 127.29, 187.41, 148.51, and 95.47 µL/min cm2, respectively, which increases substantially with increase in the Prussian blue content. The obtained best electro osmotic flux was 43 µL/min/V/cm2 for EPANI‐A. It was higher than most of the EOP assembled using polyquinone and polyanthraquinone redox polymers. The assembled EOP remained exceptionally stable until the electrode charge capacity was fully utilized. The best EOP produces a maximum stall pressure of 1.2 kPa at 2 V. These characteristics make it suitable for a variety of microfluidic/device applications.

Low-Voltage Nongassing Electroosmotic Pump and Infusion Device with Polyoxometalate-Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes

“…As shown in Figure , the order of the potential drop for the three pumps was PUMP-I < PUMP-II > PUMP-III, and they were in accord with the obtained electroosmotic flux and efficiency. The efficiency was measured by measuring the maximum stall pressure (Figure B) provided at the minimum applied voltage as reported. , The best efficiency of 0.006% was obtained for PUMP-I followed by PUMP-III and PUMP-II. These are in the range of thermodynamic efficiencies of 0.005–2.0% reported in the literature. − …”

“…The efficiency was measured by measuring the maximum stall pressure (Figure 6B) provided at the minimum applied voltage as reported. 27,46 The best efficiency of 0.006% was obtained for PUMP-I followed by PUMP-III and PUMP-II. These are in the range of thermodynamic efficiencies of 0.005−2.0% reported in the literature.…”

Thermally encapsulated phenothiazine@MWCNT cathode for aqueous zinc ion battery

“…Linearity was observed when the peak current was plotted versus the square root of the scan rate according to the Randles-Sevcik equation. 45 The obtained straight line indicates that the charge storage mechanism was predominantly due to the diffusion-controlled process, not by the non-faradaic surface-confined phenomenon (inset Fig. S5, ESI †).…”

Thiophene Based Self‐Doped Conducting Polymers as Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery

“…From cyclic voltammetry analysis at different sweep rates, D Zn 2 + was calculated by applying the Randles-Sevcik relation [Equation (1)]. [58,59]…”