A NIR-II light responsive hydrogel based on 2D engineered tungsten nitride nanosheets for multimode chemo/photothermal therapy

Ouyang

et al. 2021

Small

Self Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR‐II Responsive Hydrogel as an Angiogenesis Inhibition Agent for Tumor Microenvironment Reprogramming

Zhao

Ouyang

et al. 2021

Small

Self Cite

“…SAPNS represents an advancement in biological materials, due to its ability to absorb moisture and insoluble 3-dimensional polymer hydrogels. Currently, sNAG hydrogels have been used in clinical practice as biological scaffolds [20,21]. Recent studies have reported that hydrogels can be encapsulated mesoporous silicon coated gold nanoshells as the only drug transporter [22], achieving outstanding clinical efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Nanofiber Hydrogel Loaded with Platelet-Rich Plasma Promotes Wound Healing Through Enhancing the Survival of Fibroblasts

Zhou²,

Wang³

et al. 2019

Med Sci Monit

Background: Hydrogels are ideal biological carriers in vivo and have been widely used in the treatment of wound healing through loading with or without bioactive substances. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is purified from autologous plasma and has known curative efficacy for wound healing. The combined efficacy of shorten poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (sNAG) hydrogels and PRP in the treatment of wound healing has not been previously assessed. Material/Methods: The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of PRP on fibroblasts were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. The levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3 were assessed to evaluate cell proliferation. Protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis. Adenosine levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Rat wound models were performed, and the effects of PRP, single hydrogels, and sNAG hydrogels loaded with PRP were respectively detected through the assessment of wound closure. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to measure the depth and width of regenerative scars. Results: Our results demonstrated that PRP promotes fibroblast proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. PRP contains abundant levels of adenosine, which has a positive role on fibroblast function, whilst the inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors impairs the efficacy of PRP. sNAG hydrogels loaded with PRP showed curative efficacy during wound healing in mice. Mice treated with hydrogels loaded with PRP showed high levels of regeneration with scarless healing. Conclusions: Our results indicate that sNAG hydrogels loaded with PRP promote wound healing. The pro-proliferative, and anti-apoptotic effects of the fibroblasts are mediated by the activating A2A receptor in response to elevated adenosine levels.

“…(Table 5) There have been sparse in vitro data on the effects of 2D tungsten compounds in immune cells although it has been found that human skin fibroblasts preferentially adhere to tungsten compared to silicon oxide in a 2D tungstensilicon oxide composite [222] and that no histological abnormalities were reported in mouse heart, liver, spleen, lungs or kidney after 16 days of 2D tungsten nitride nanosheets. [223] Another paper also reported no histological organ abnormalities after 30 days although high levels of 2D WS2-PEG nanosheets were found in the liver and spleen. [153] We included this element in our review as it is an emerging 2D nanomaterial.…”

Section: Tungsten Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 97%

How macrophages respond to two-dimensional materials: a critical overview focusing on toxicity

Lin

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

Bianco

2021

With wider use of graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional (2D) materials in various fields, including electronics, composites, biomedicine, etc., 2D materials can trigger undesired effects at cellular, tissue and organ level. Macrophages can be found in many organs. They are one of the most important cells in the immune system and they are relevant in the study of nanomaterials as they phagocytose them. Nanomaterials have multi-faceted effects on phagocytic immune cells like macrophages, showing signs of inflammation in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokine or reactive oxidation species production, or upregulation of activation markers due to the presence of these foreign bodies. This review is catered to researchers interested in the potential impact and toxicity of 2D materials, particularly in macrophages, focusing on few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, as well as other promising 2D materials containing molybdenum, manganese, boron, phosphorus and tungsten. We describe applications relevant to the growing area of 2D materials research, and the possible risks of ions and molecules used in the production of these promising 2D materials, or those produced by the degradation and dissolution of 2D materials.