A nine - year retrospective study of avian neoplastic diseases in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Sani, Nuhu Abdulazeez; Aliyu, H.B.; Musa, I. W.; Wakawa, A. M.; Abalaka, Samson Eneojo; Oladele, Sunday Blessing; Lawal, Suleiman; Abdu, Paul Ayuba

doi:10.4314/sokjvs.v15i1.5

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this report, MD was confirmed in an indigenous chicken and quail based on PM findings, histopathologic changes, and PCR results. Natural cases of MD in Nigerian indigenous chickens has barely been reported in Nigeria although Sani et al . (2017) reported a case in Zaria, however, the technique for the diagnosis of the disease was not stated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural outbreak of Marek’s disease in indigenous chicken and Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Adedeji¹,

Akanbi²,

Luka³

et al. 2019

Open Vet J.

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Carcasses of an indigenous adult chicken and Japanese quail from different flocks were presented to a veterinary clinic for postmortem (PM) examination in 2014 in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. PM observations revealed cutaneous, hepatic, and splenic tumors in the Indigenous chicken. The quail carcass was emaciated with hepatic tumors. Histopathology revealed severe focally extensive non-encapsulated circumscribed large nodules with pleomorphic population of cells mainly composed of lymphoplasmacytic and mixed neutrophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the chicken. The pleomorphic infiltration of lymphohistioplasmacytic cells mixed with neutrophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the quail was consistent with Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out, and the Meq oncogene of the MDV was amplified in the samples collected from the chicken and quail to confirm the presence of the virulent MDV. The samples were also subjected to PCR for detection of MDV Rispens CVI988 vaccine strain which was detected in both chicken and quail samples. The findings in this study represent the first report of confirmatory diagnosis of MD using histopathology in an indigenous chicken and Japanese quail in Nigeria. It is also the first report of the detection of MDV Rispens CVI988 vaccine strain in unvaccinated chicken and quail in Nigeria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural outbreak of Marek’s disease in indigenous chicken and Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Adedeji¹,

Akanbi²,

Luka³

et al. 2019

Open Vet J.

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“…However, only a limited number of samples were analyzed and the genotype information from the analysis was not available [ 37 ]. So far, HSS in Nigeria has been associated with other diseases, e.g., Marek’s disease, avian leukosis, and colibacillosis but the awareness of aHEV is lacking [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further published works on HSS in chickens in Nigeria are scanty and the cases were associated with Marek’s disease, avian leukosis and colibacillosis [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In addition, reports of disease outbreaks characterized by reduced egg production in layer chickens, and increased mortality accompanied by lesions of enlarged liver and spleen were also linked to these established diseases with no consideration for aHEV [ 41 ]. This study was therefore designed to investigate the occurrence of aHEV in apparently healthy commercial layer chicken flocks in Southwestern Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Putative Novel Genotype of Avian Hepatitis E Virus from Apparently Healthy Chickens in Southwestern Nigeria

Osamudiamen

Akanbi

Zander

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) is the major etiological agent of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS), big liver and spleen disease (BLSD), and hepatic rupture hemorrhage syndrome (HRHS) in chickens. Infections with aHEV cause a significant decrease in egg production and increased mortality in chickens worldwide. However, studies on the prevalence of aHEV in Nigeria are scarce. In this study, serum (n = 88) and fecal samples (n = 110) obtained from apparently healthy layer chickens from three states in southwestern Nigeria were analyzed by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) targeting the helicase and capsid gene for the presence of aHEV. Avian HEV was detected in 12.5% (n = 11/88) of serum samples and 9.1% (n = 10/110) of fecal samples tested. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five of the twelve identified aHEV sequences belonged to genotype 2. The remaining seven sequences were only distantly related to other known aHEV isolates. After amplification of the near-complete ORF2 fragment (1618 bp) and part of the ORF1 (582 bp) of isolate YF40_aHEV_NG phylogenetic analysis revealed a nucleotide sequence identity between 79.0 and 82.6% and 80.1 and 83.5%, respectively, to other known aHEV strains, indicating that the Nigerian isolate YF40_aHEV_NG belongs to a novel aHEV genotype. This is the first report of co-circulation of aHEV genotypes in chickens in Nigeria.

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“…A frequência dessas doenças possivelmente está relacionada às medidas inadequadas de biosseguridade em incubatórios e granjas, principalmente em relação a falhas na vacinação, aliada a falta de higiene [35]. Em pesquisa sobre prevalência geral de doenças neoplásicas, concordando com o presente estudo, também se observou Doença de Marek em maior frequencia [28]. A Doença de Marek (DM) é uma doença neoplásica, de ampla disseminação na avicultura mundial e que causa imunossupressão nas aves, sendo alto prejuízo econômico com mortalidades, custo com vacinação, condenações com carcaça e queda na produção de ovos [15].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Aves industriais também foi fator de risco para DM em relação às aves não industriais, no entanto outros autores observaram presença de DM sendo frequente em ambos os tipos de criações [39]. Entende-se a maior frequência em aves comerciais por estar relacionado aos produtores comerciais investir maior assistência técnica e, sendo assim, relatam qualquer doença clinica que ocorra na criação [28]. O porquê da maior ocorrência em aves industriais também se deve a alta densidade populacional de aves por m², encontrados em sistemas intensivos de produção, por ser um agente viral altamente contagioso, em que o vírus é disseminado de forma direta e indireta, se houver falha no manejo, como limpezas inadequadas das instalações e/ou falha nas vacinações a morbidade será elevada [32].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Risk Factors Associated with the Presence of Viral Diseases in Domestic Poultry in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Hirschmann

Fischer

Hübner

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The introduction of any infectious agent into an industrial or subsistence farm worries agribusiness owners in Brazil because it reduces product quality and increases treatment costs, although most diseases are untreatable, thus causing economic losses with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an epidemiological survey of viral diseases associated with poultry was developed by performing a detailed description of the risk factors that may be related to existing diseases using domestic poultry sample data recorded in the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of College of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016.Materials, Methods & Results: Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected and then compared with disease data by multivariate analysis using statistical EpiInfo version 6.04 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. The frequencies and 95% confidence intervals (CI), association measures (odds ratio=OR and relative risk=RR), Chi-square test, and the results considered significant with a value of P ≤ 0.05 were described. A total of 410 samples of domestic poultry were tested, and the results showed 66 (16.1%) viral diseases. The following conditions were the most commonly found diseases in this study: Marek’s disease (42.4%), Infectious bursal disease (31.8%), Avian leukosis (16.6%), Avian pox (7.5%) and Avian infectious bronchitis (1.5%). In this article we discuss the most frequent viral diseases: Marek’s disease (DM) and Gumboro disease. It was also possible to conclude that birds with Marek's disease presented higher odds of developing nerve, tegumentary and locomotors signs (P ≤ 0.05). As well as, more likely to present tumoriform lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart P ≤ 0.05, as well as lesions in the proventriculus, muscle lesions and in the sciatic nerve P ≤ 0.05. Laying poultry, backyard poultry production and young poultry constitute risk factors for DM (P ≤ 0.05). The results showed that samples with mycotoxicoses were at higher risk of developing DM (P ≤ 0.05). Poultry from industrial system had a higher risk of developing Gumboro disease (P ≤ 0.05). Besides that, domestic poultry with Gumboro disease were more likely to develop signs of depression, nerve signals, tegumentary changes, bursitis, hepatomegaly, renal lesions and splenomegaly (P ≤ 0.05).Discussion: In this research we can observe the domestic poultry with DM presenting tumoriform lesions in several organs, this finding is common in this disease, because it is one of the most frequent viral diseases of neoplastic characteristic. The results show that young birds are a risk factor for DM. In fact, previous works already affirm young birds as being susceptible to disease in relation to adult birds. In this study, laying hens presented a risk factor for DM, however other authors also observed in cut birds or in both types of production. Industrial poultry are at higher risk for DM, this was also reported by other authors, because the disease is of high contagion and morbidity, industrial birds are under high density which facilitates the contact and dissemination of the virus among sick and susceptible birds. In this study, industrial poultry were a risk factor for Gumboro disease, however, other studies show that there is no difference between types of breeding and can also occur in backyard birds. Young poultry and laying hens are more susceptible, and the clinical signs found in the study are compatible with those described in the literature. Through this research on viral diseases, we conclude that our study may complement the already existing official data, since, in a research conducted in the same period, it did not identify the presence of viral diseases in the Southern of RS, but with our research it was possible to register this disease.

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A nine - year retrospective study of avian neoplastic diseases in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Natural outbreak of Marek’s disease in indigenous chicken and Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Natural outbreak of Marek’s disease in indigenous chicken and Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>) in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Identification of a Putative Novel Genotype of Avian Hepatitis E Virus from Apparently Healthy Chickens in Southwestern Nigeria

Risk Factors Associated with the Presence of Viral Diseases in Domestic Poultry in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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