A new Western blot assay for the detection of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV)

Plotzki, Elena; Keller, Martina; Ivanusic, Daniel; Denner, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2016.08.001

Cited by 38 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Determination of the PCMV status in this study has been made via PCR‐based detection of the virus genome. For testing, PCR‐based methods and immunologic methods detecting PCMV‐specific antibodies can be used. Furthermore, screening for PCMV using non‐invasively taken samples was found effective .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early weaning completely eliminates porcine cytomegalovirus from a newly established pig donor facility for xenotransplantation

Egerer¹,

Fiebig

Keßler³

et al. 2018

Xenotransplantation

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For clinical xenotransplantation, transplants must be free of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). Piglets become infected primarily in the perinatal period by the mother sow. While individual donor animals can be protected from infection by isolation husbandry, success is not guaranteed and this strategy poses the risk of undetected infections and raises animal welfare questions. Here, we present the establishment of a completely PCMV-negative pig herd for breeding donor animals for xenotransplantation. Eleven pregnant DanAvl Basic hybrid sows were purchased from a designated pathogen-free (DPF), PCMV-positive colony and transferred to a new pig facility at the Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM) 4 weeks prior to farrowing. At the age of 24 hours, piglets were early-weaned and transferred to a commercially available Rescue Deck system dedicated to motherless rearing of piglets. Sows were removed from the facility. The PCMV status of F1-generation animals was determined at regular intervals over a period of 14 months by a sensitive real-time PCR-based detection method testing blood, nasal swabs and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). F1 sows were used as recipients of genetically modified embryos to generate a xenotransplant donor herd. Offspring were tested for PCMV accordingly. All offspring have remained PCMV negative over the whole observation period of 14 months. A completely PCMV-negative pig herd for xenotransplantation has thus been successfully established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early weaning completely eliminates porcine cytomegalovirus from a newly established pig donor facility for xenotransplantation

Egerer¹,

Fiebig

Keßler³

et al. 2018

Xenotransplantation

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“…The immune responses allowed the establishment of immunological assays measuring anti-viral antibodies as indirect evidence of virus infection. Among these methods are a blocking ELISA using a part of the glycoprotein B (gB) of PCMV/PRV as an antigen [184] and a Western blot assay using the N-and C-terminal parts of gB [185]. These domains are highly conserved among the 46 published sequences of PCMV/PRV.…”

Section: Immune Response and Antiviral Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Roseoloviruses in Humans, Pigs, Mice, and Other Species

Denner

Bigley

Phan

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Viruses of the genus Roseolovirus belong to the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae. Roseoloviruses have been studied in humans, mice and pigs, but they are likely also present in other species. This is the first comparative analysis of roseoloviruses in humans and animals. The human roseoloviruses human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A), 6B (HHV-6B), and 7 (HHV-7) are relatively well characterized. In contrast, little is known about the murine roseolovirus (MRV), also known as murine thymic virus (MTV) or murine thymic lymphotrophic virus (MTLV), and the porcine roseolovirus (PRV), initially incorrectly named porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). Human roseoloviruses have gained attention because they can cause severe diseases including encephalitis in immunocompromised transplant and AIDS patients and febrile seizures in infants. They have been linked to a number of neurological diseases in the immunocompetent including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's. However, to prove the causality in the latter disease associations is challenging due to the high prevalence of these viruses in the human population. PCMV/PRV has attracted attention because it may be transmitted and pose a risk in xenotransplantation, e.g., the transplantation of pig organs into humans. Most importantly, all roseoloviruses are immunosuppressive, the humoral and cellular immune responses against these viruses are not well studied and vaccines as well as effective antivirals are not available. that cause various clinical disease and are classified into the alpha-, beta-and gammaherpesvirinae. Roseoloviruses belong to the Betaherpesvirinae: roseoloviruses that infect humans, swine, and mice and have a high prevalence in their respective hosts and will be addressed in this review.

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“…There may be viruses and other microorganisms present in the pigs which obviously do not harm the pig, but may be zoonotic for the human recipient, for example PCMV and HEV. 85% of pigs in a slaughterhouse in the Berlin area were found to be PCMV-positive [63]. HEV is a good example that pig viruses can be easily transmitted to humans and that they therefore pose a risk for xenotransplantation [14], [64], [65].…”

Section: Impact On Animal and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenotransplantation — A special case of One Health

Denner

2017

One Health

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The chronic shortage of human transplants to treat tissue and organ failure has led to the development of xenotransplantation, the transplantation of cells, tissues and organs from another species to human recipients. For a number of reasons, pigs are best suited as donor animals. Successful, routine xenotransplantation would have an enormous impact on the health of the human population, including the young, who sometimes require a replacement organ or islet cells, but especially the elderly, who more often suffer the consequences of organ failure. The first form of xenotransplantation applied to humans is the use of pig islet cells to treat insulin-dependent diabetes, a procedure that will have a significant economic impact. However, although xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may save and prolong the lives of patients, it may also be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms to the recipient, eventually resulting in emerging infectious diseases. For this reason, the health of both the donor animals and the human recipients represents a special and sensitive case of the One Health concept. Basic research leading to strategies how to prevent transmission of porcine microorganisms by selection of virus-free animals, treatment of donor pigs by antiviral drugs, vaccines, colostrum deprivation, early weaning, Caesarean delivery, embryo transfer and/or gene editing should be undertaken to supply an increasing number of potential recipients with urgently required transplants. The methods developed for the detection and elimination of porcine microorganisms in the context of xenotransplantation will also contribute to an improvement in the health of pig populations in general and an increase in the quality of meat products. At present, there is evidence for transmission of porcine viruses to humans eating pork and having contact with pigs, however the impact of these viruses on public health is still unknown.

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A new Western blot assay for the detection of porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV)

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Early weaning completely eliminates porcine cytomegalovirus from a newly established pig donor facility for xenotransplantation

Early weaning completely eliminates porcine cytomegalovirus from a newly established pig donor facility for xenotransplantation

Comparative Analysis of Roseoloviruses in Humans, Pigs, Mice, and Other Species

Xenotransplantation — A special case of One Health

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