A New Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale for Nursing and Residential Home Populations: The Geriatric Depression Scale (Residential) (GDS-12R)

Sutcliffe, Caroline; Cordingley, Lis; Burns, Alistair; Mozley, Caroline; Bagley, Heather; Huxley, Peter; Challis, David

doi:10.1017/s104161020000630x

Cited by 85 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Overall, these captured most of the information gained from asking patients the full 30 items, had good internal consistency and adequate test -retest reliability, showed concurrent and convergent validity similar to that of the full scale, and produced distributions of scores that may be of use in clinical contexts. In general, the psychometric properties of the 4-item short form by D' Ath et al (1994) and the 5-item short-form by Molloy et al (2006) were similar to those of the three short forms containing 10 or more items (Sheik & Yesavage, 1986;van Marwijk et al, 1995;Sutcliffe et al, 2000). The 5-item tool may be of particular interest in palliative contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

Crawford

Robinson

2008

Pall Supp Care

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Objective: This research examined the psychometric properties of previously published short forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in patients receiving palliative care. It also uses the full form of the GDS to examine the prevalence of nonsomatic symptoms of depression in palliative patients.Method: Participants were 84 patients with advanced cancer attending palliative care outpatient clinics. Scores for short forms of the GDS were derived from administering the original 30-item scale. Patients also completed the single item numerical analogue scale for depression from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and parallel numerical analogue scales for will-to-live and hope. A subset of the sample completed the measures twice. Short forms were judged on the extent to which they captured information gained from the full scale and their internal consistency, test -retest reliability, convergent and concurrent validity, and their distribution of scores.Results: Overall, five short forms showed good psychometric properties at both visits. Two of these forms were very brief. Some nonsomatic symptoms assessed on the full GDS were reported with high frequency. However, few individuals reported a large number of symptoms. At both visits, patients identified as likely to have severe depression gave different responses from other patients on most items on the GDS-30.Significance of results: Several short forms of the GDS may be appropriate for use in palliative care. Patients identified as likely to have severe depression showed many of the same symptoms that characterise depression in other geriatric populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

Crawford

Robinson

2008

Pall Supp Care

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“…The three items excluded were the questions pertaining to: (1) the preference of going out rather than staying home; (2) the feeling of having more problems than other people and (3) the feeling that most people were better off than them (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). In this study, subjects scoring 5 and above (maximum score of 12) were said to be at a high risk of experiencing clinically relevant depression (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). (Wang et al, 1994;Deurenberg et al, 2002;Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2003).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The 12 question Geriatric Depression Scale for people in residential care facilities (GDS-12R) was used to diagnose depression in this study (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). It was developed from the GDS-15 by excluding items that were found to be poor identifiers of depression in nursing and residential home populations (Sutcliffe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was developed from the GDS-15 by excluding items that were found to be poor identifiers of depression in nursing and residential home populations (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). The three items excluded were the questions pertaining to: (1) the preference of going out rather than staying home; (2) the feeling of having more problems than other people and (3) the feeling that most people were better off than them (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). In this study, subjects scoring 5 and above (maximum score of 12) were said to be at a high risk of experiencing clinically relevant depression (Sutcliffe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nutritional status of 1081 elderly people residing in publicly funded shelter homes in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2004

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the: (1) prevalence of undernutrition as determined by the 'DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Checklist' (NHC) and (2) factors independently associated with undernutrition among the older residents of these publicly funded shelter homes in Peninsular Malaysia. Design: A total of 1081 elderly people (59%M) over the age of 60 y were surveyed using questionnaires determining baseline demographics, nutritional and cognitive status, physical function and psychological well-being. Setting: Shelter homes, Peninsular Malaysia. Results: In all, 41.4% (n ¼ 447) were nourished (score o3), 32.1% (n ¼ 347) at moderate risk (score between 3 and 5) and 26.6% (n ¼ 287) were at high risk of undernutrition (score45) according to the NHC. A large proportion of subjects were underweight with 14.3% of subjects recording a low body mass index (BMI) o18.5 kg/m 2 and a further 18.2% recording a BMI between 18.5 and 20 kg/m 2 . The residential geriatric depression score (GDS-12R) (relative risk (RR) ¼ 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.05); P ¼ 0.002) and the number of illnesses (RR ¼ 1.14 (95% CI 1.07-1.21); Po 0.001) were found to be independently associated with nutritional risk (NHC score Z 3). Using a BMIo18.5 kg/m 2 as an objective marker for nutritional risk, the NHC was shown to have a sensitivity of 66.4% (95% CI 58.0-74.2%), specificity of 42.7% (95% CI 39.3-46.1%), positive predictive value of 16.2% (95% CI 13.3-19.5%) and a negative predictive value of 88.4% (95% CI 84.9-91.4%). Conclusions: Many elderly people residing in publicly funded shelter homes in Malaysia may be at-risk of undernutrition, and were underweight. The NHC is better used as an awareness tool rather than as a screening tool.

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“…(Sheik and Yesavage, 1986;D'Ath et al, 1994;Jongenelis et al, 2005). Furthermore, the GDS-12R was specifically constructed for nursing and residential home populations (Sutcliffe et al, 2000). However, these shortened versions all still include items that may be considered less appropriate for the frail elderly nursing home population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and validation of a patient‐ and user‐friendly nursing home version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

Jongenelis

Gerritsen

Pot

et al. 2007

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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SUMMARYObjective To construct a patient-and user-friendly shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) that is especially suitable for nursing home patients. Methods The study was carried out on two different data bases including 23 Dutch nursing homes. Data on the GDS (n ¼ 410), the Mini Mental State Examination (n ¼ 410) and a diagnostic interview (SCAN; n ¼ 333), were collected by trained clinicians. Firstly, the items of the GDS-15 were judged on their clinical applicability by three clinical experts. Subsequently, items that were identified as unsuitable were removed using the data of the Assess project (n ¼ 77), and internal consistency was calculated. Secondly, with respect to criterion validity (sensitivity, specitivity, area under ROC and positive and negative predictive values), the newly constructed shortened GDS was validated in the AGED data set (n ¼ 333), using DSM-IV diagnosis for depression as measured by the SCAN as 'gold standard'. Results The eight-item GDS that resulted from stage 1 showed good internal consistency in both the Assess data set (a ¼ 0.86) and the AGED dataset (a ¼ 0.80). In the AGED dataset, high sensitivity rates of 96.3% for major depression and 83.0% for minor depression were found, with a specificity rate of 71.7% at a cut-off point of 2/3. Conclusion The GDS-8 has good psychometric properties. Given that the GDS-8 is less burdening for the patient, more comfortable to use and less time consuming, it may be a more feasible screening test for the frail nursing home population.

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A New Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale for Nursing and Residential Home Populations: The Geriatric Depression Scale (Residential) (GDS-12R)

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

The nutritional status of 1081 elderly people residing in publicly funded shelter homes in Peninsular Malaysia

Construction and validation of a patient‐ and user‐friendly nursing home version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

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