Each year, several thousand child refugees are resettled in Australia. These children have faced numerous stressors and are at increased risk for developing mental health problems including traumatic stress and a variety of emotional, behavioural, and educational difficulties. The diverse contexts in which refugee children may come into contact with mental health clinicians include school, child and adolescent mental health services, child protection services, and hospitals. This article summarises current knowledge regarding the mental health of refugee children and adolescents, distilling what is of particular relevance to Australian service providers. The stressors encountered by refugee children, psychological outcomes, appropriate interventions, and barriers to accessing services are discussed.

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Testicular cancer is the most common cause of death for men aged 19–35 in North America. The mass print and other media are important sources of ‘information’ about a variety of treatment and health-related matters. This article explores the portrayal of testicular cancer in the mass print media from 1980–94. The analysis is both manifest and latent. The manifest analysis indicates the emphasis on early detection. The latent analysis indicates that the disease is described primarily through three different discourses: medical, machismo and social support. Stories of men with testicular cancer emphasize early detection and medical treatment; sports and competitiveness, sexuality, financial acumen, sexual and physical attractiveness and desirability, as well as war and battles; and the importance of social support.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between syntactic awareness and reading performance. A major concern was to provide an estimate of the effect of syntactic training that was not confounded with training that focused on semantic features of words. The training exercises used in the study focused on all levels of syntactic awareness in order that the effect of such training could be assessed on students' performance on tasks that tapped each of the levels. Results of this study showed that syntactic awareness could be improved through training. The effect was stable, being apparent at the two post-test times. However, no evidence was found for a systematic effect of improved syntactic awareness on reading ability. Moreover, syntactic training did not show any greater effect than no treatment or semantic training on children's grammatic comprehension, their ability to use fix-up strategies, or on their general reading ability score. Training had a different impact on the accuracy of oral reading for the syntactic and semantic training groups. Thus, in terms of the developmental sequence of syntactic awareness proposed by Gombert (1992), children trained in the cloze procedure improved at the two highest levels, whilst showing neither a corresponding change in the lower levels of awareness, nor improved functional reading performance. RE  SUME  La relation entre conscience syntaxique et reÂsultats en lectureCette e tude a e te re alise e pour examiner la relation entre conscience syntaxique et re sultats en lecture. Son souci principal e tait d'avoir une estimation de l'effet d'un entraõà nement syntaxique qui ne se confonde pas avec un entraõà nement mettant l'accent sur les caracte ristiques se mantiques de mots, ce qui se produit ine vitablement si l'enseignement se borne aÁ utiliser des passages avec closure. C'est pourquoi le plan de la recherche a e te fait de sorte aÁ disposer d'un groupe controà le qui utilise des caracte ristiques se mantiques. Les activite s d'entraõà nement employe es dans cette e tude visent les quatre niveaux de conscience syntaxique que propose Gombert (1992), de sorte que l'effet d'un tel entraõà nement puisse eà tre e value sur les re sultats des enfants dans des taà ches exploitant chacun de ces niveaux.La recherche a e te concË ue en vue de re pondre aux questions suivantes: 1. L'entraõà nement de la conscience syntaxique produit-il une ame lioration des re sultats quand on mesure la compre hension et l'exactitude en lecture orale? L'ame lioration re sultant de cet entraõà nement est-elle supe rieure aÁ celle qui se produit quand il n'y a pas eu entraõà nement ou un entraõà nement qui ne vise que les caracte ristiques se mantiques des mots? 2. L'entraõà nement de la conscience syntaxique produit-il une ame lioration des compe tences me tasyntaxiques (i.e. les niveaux 2, 3 et 4 de Gombert)? L'ame lioration re sultant de cet entraõà nement est-elle supe rieure aÁ celle qui se produit quand il n'y a pas eu entraõà nement ou un e...

Adolescents typically sleep in on weekends to catch up on their school-week sleep debt. This study explored adolescents' napping behavior by comparing weekly sleep patterns with non-nappers. Older adolescents (n = 231) completed sleep questionnaires. Approximately 32% napped on average 4 times/week, typically around 16.00 hours. Nappers had a significantly delayed sleep timing compared to non-nappers (P < 0.0001). Although both nappers and non-nappers obtained more sleep on weekends by sleeping in (P < 0.0001), the data suggest that most nappers appear to catch up on school-week sleep debt by not only sleeping in on weekends, but by also napping during the school week.